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3. INEQUALITYSummaryAlready one of the most inequitable societies in Asia, 52Thailand’s income gap between wealthy elites and themass population would deepen by as much as 12% by2015 under the business as usual (BAU) broadband scenario – orinequality could lessen by a similar proportion assuming fulldeployment the Meaningful Broadband (MB) scenario.Meaningful Broadbandcould bring a sense offairness to Thailandfragile democraticinstitutions.Broadband policy presents a pivot point for the nation. IfThailand’s leaders could intervene to shape an optimalbroadband ecosystem, their actions could reverse the trendtowards ever-widening income gaps and jettison the economyinto a fairer, more equitable growth pattern. Doing so wouldfulfill a goal of the National Economic and Social DevelopmentBoard (NESDB), which is to strengthen the country’s “socialcompact” and introduce a sense of fairness into the country’sfragile democratic institutions. 53 By lessening the costs andincreasing their income of those who earn from 3,000 baht to15,000 baht per month, 54 broadband-enabled services could growpurchasing power in that large target group by 12% by 2015,giving poorly educated masses a chance to catch up witheducated and affluent citizens who drive the export-orientedBangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA.) 55 The following table draws52 Over the years the income distribution in Thailand has become increasingly uneven and income inequality now is athistorically high level, according to Medhi Krongkaew (1993, 415), Warr & Isra (2004), World Bank 2005.53 “Thailand’s Management of Regional and Spatial Development,” by Nitaya Kmonwatananisa,” NESDB, 200854 Meaningful Broadband proposes an intervention from Thailand’s ICT stakeholders that would establish a “broadbandecosystem” that would help establish essential skills and economic security to 53 percent of the Thai population whoearned from 3,000 Thai baht to 20,000 Thai baht, using 2007 data provided by the National Statistical Office of Thailand.55 Based on IMF data, the current purchasing power of bottom 65% of the Thai population is xx. See “The Next FourBillion,” National Resources Council, 2005.Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 42
data from the National Statistical Office in Thailand to identify thetarget population of 53% of the Thai population that couldreceive the benefits of Meaningful Broadband to a degree thattheir net incomes would rise. Since this population groupcorresponds to the mid-section of the global economic pyramid,Thailand could emerge as a global leader in delivering dataservices to this niche of the global market. The chart belowprovides the relevant demographic data from 2008 by theNational Statistical Office:GlobalThailandPyramidAnnual income% of ThaipopulationMonthly income% of Thaipopulation% of incomeBOP Less than $3,000 84.2 Less than ฿3,000 38.3 10.83090786MOP $3,000-$20,000 15.2 ฿3,001-฿15,000 53.9 56.13900981TOPMorethan$20,0000.6 More than ฿15,001 7.8 33.03008233Source: National Statistical Office of ThailandWe drew upon predictions of four prominent ICT-relatedconsulting firms 56 and an influential report on low-incomepurchasing power 57 from the World Bank’s International FinanceCommission, to reach the following conclusions:1) The gaps between the highest and lowest wage earners wouldrise from 1:65 to 1:83 by 2015 under the BAU scenario, but thesame gap could be reduced from 1:65 to 1:47 under the MBscenario. 5856 Pyramid Consulting, Business Monitor International, Frost & Sullivan, and Ovum Consulting57 “The Next Four Billion,” IFC and National Resources Council, 2005.58 http://www.nationmultimedia.com/home/2009/11/02/columnists/Politics-and-Thailand's-wealth-gap-30115689.htmlMeaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 43
Page 1 and 2: Meaningful Broadband Working GroupC
Page 3 and 4: Meaningful Broadband Working GroupC
Page 8 and 9: 6. PRODUCTIVITY ...................
Page 10 and 11: Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
Page 12 and 13: principles that define the zeitgeis
Page 14 and 15: ate will rise to 17% of Thai househ
Page 16 and 17: majority) population, rather than t
Page 18 and 19: goals of the ministry of Science an
Page 20 and 21: METHODOLOGYSince the rise of the di
Page 22 and 23: Access Communication Public Company
Page 24 and 25: INTRODUCTIONIn a Bali Hotel in 2008
Page 26 and 27: First Thailand, Then the WorldThe C
Page 28 and 29: A “Wealth Effect”Behind the Mea
Page 30 and 31: Why Broadband is Crucial?Broadband
Page 32 and 33: Anthropologists are on full alert.
Page 34 and 35: NINE BROADBAND IMPACTSThis section
Page 36 and 37: If Thailand’s government and its
Page 38 and 39: 2. GDP GROWTHSummaryBy drawing upon
Page 40 and 41: The impact would be to grow the pur
Page 44 and 45: 2) The income gaps between incomes
Page 46 and 47: Why Broadband May Defy the Kuznets
Page 48 and 49: In MB, the long-sought goals of tra
Page 50 and 51: 5. MICROFINANCESummaryMeaningful Br
Page 52 and 53: Enhance interaction between farm co
Page 54 and 55: peer nations. 85 Recognizing this f
Page 56 and 57: For a full review on Measuring Econ
Page 58 and 59: Kingdom)—suggesting that the comp
Page 60 and 61: Assuming investors become convinced
Page 62 and 63: Thailand would emphasize its role a
Page 64 and 65: University, Chiang Mai University,
Page 66 and 67: egarding the 128 billion baht effor
Page 68 and 69: Finally, the question of whether a
Page 70 and 71: the government plans for such conce
Page 72 and 73: Consumer Broadband Connection Growt
Page 74 and 75: Appendix 2Data sources and charts t
Page 76 and 77: Thailand 5.2 4.9 2.2 -2.0 -3.2 3.0
Page 78 and 79: The World Bank, “Information and
Page 80 and 81: • Per capita GDP in 1980 (GDP80)5
Page 82 and 83: In 2006, 3.4 percent of the populat
Page 84 and 85: Relation between the Country ICT Pe
Page 86 and 87: APPENDIX 3The following chart indic
Page 88 and 89: Thailand Economic MonitorThe World
Page 90 and 91: MLD is one of these generalized ine
Page 92 and 93:
APPENDIX 4Labor Force Survey 2009Ba
Page 94 and 95:
APPENDIX 5Global Microscope on the
Page 96 and 97:
APPENDIX 6Malmquist Index 130The Ma
Page 98 and 99:
The chart below links uncertain gov
Page 100 and 101:
The chart below shows that, despite
Page 102 and 103:
The Global Competitiveness Report 2
Page 104 and 105:
APPENDIX 8R&D Expenditure and Gross
Page 106 and 107:
Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BRO
Page 108 and 109:
APPENDIX 9For an overview of best p
Page 110 and 111:
Europe: Broadband Stimulus Snapshot
Page 112 and 113:
Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
Page 114 and 115:
Peer to peer learning.Use of blogs,
Page 116 and 117:
Economic Multiplier Impacts:This re
Page 118 and 119:
Informal Economy:This refers to the
Page 120 and 121:
M Factor:This refers to how “mean
Page 122 and 123:
equired to follow restrictions agai
Page 124 and 125:
MEANINGFUL BROADBAND WORKINGGROUP I
Page 126 and 127:
Can’t markets, left to themselves
Page 128:
How is the Office of the Prime Mini
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