BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 - Center for Ethics of Science and ...

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5. MICROFINANCESummaryMeaningful Broadbandwould not just multiplythe scale ofmicrofinance services; itcould dramaticallylower interest ratecharged to borrowersand convert to for-profitservices where they canbe tied to nationalsystems for SME growth.Microfinance operations could be revolutionized inThailand through Meaningful Broadband. TheEconomist Intelligence Unit’s (EIU) 2009 ranking 74of international best practices in microfinance 75 ranks Thailandnear the bottom of nations (i.e., 45th st out of 55 nationssurveyed) in terms of the scale and quality of its microfinancesystems. 76 The overall finding: Thailand’s microcredit operationscannot be integrated into the country’s conventional financialsystem without deep penetration of broadband. Under BAU, theThai microfinance ranking would move upward to 46 places by2015, based mostly on the effect of using cell phone SMS servicesto low income borrowers. However under MB, Thailand jumps to21 st place in the same rankings, while increasing the scale ofmicrocredit operations by 320% during the 2012-2015 timeperiods.A Grameen 77 Foundation survey of international best practicesindicated that mobile technologies, when fully integrated into allaspects of the "microcredit ecosystems" in various nations, canenhance performance by 70% over a three-year time frame.These advantages double to 140% when "mobile financesystems" are upgraded to smart devices use by microcredit74 “Global Finance and the Microfinance Business Environment,” The Economist Intelligence Unit, 2009.http://www.eiu.com/site_info.asp?info_name=corporate_landing_united_nations&rf=075 Microfinance refers to the provision of financial services to poor or low-income clients including consumers and the selfemployed.The term also refers to the practice of sustainability delivering those services. It should not be confused withMicrocredit (loans to poor microenterprises) as microfinance addresses a full range of banking needs for poor peopleincluding savings, deposits, loans, payments, fund transfers, and insurance products.76 Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Co-operatives (BAAC)http://www.baac.or.th/content-product.php?content_group_sub=6#77 Visit http://http://www.grameenfoundation.org/Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 50
clients, intermediaries, and the finance institutions making theloans themselves.In Thailand, the Finance Ministry’s Bank for Agriculture andAgriculture Cooperatives (BAAC) is the largest microcreditinstitution in the country, serving 3.5 million microcreditborrowers. In an interview conducted for this report with BAACexecutives, these officials forecasted the impact of MeaningfulBroadband on the bank’s operations. Drawing upon theseinterviews and the international models provided by theGrameen Foundation, along with data provided by Indonesia’sBank Rakyat Indonesia (BRI), 78 we predict the impacts ofintegrating broadband into BAAC’s finance systems by the year2015, as follows: Meaningful Broadband would… Lower BAAC’s microcredit transaction costs by 3% per year Reduce its interest rate charged to borrowers by 2% per year Increase total numbers of borrowers by 10% per year Enhance microcredit business and upgrade to SME status by7% per year Lessen by 4% per year the subsidies that currently supportmicrocredit operations Decrease "financial education" offered to borrowers by 4%per year Increase performance rate of microcredit loans by 5% per year Automate banks providing microcredit loans, thereby reducingcosts of internal operation by 4% per year Increasing scale and performance of rural “sub-branches” thatprovide the loans 6% per year Lessen costs of interaction between banks and farmcooperatives by 4% per year78 http://www.grameenfoundation.orgMeaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 51
Page 1 and 2: Meaningful Broadband Working GroupC
Page 3 and 4: Meaningful Broadband Working GroupC
Page 8 and 9: 6. PRODUCTIVITY ...................
Page 10 and 11: Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
Page 12 and 13: principles that define the zeitgeis
Page 14 and 15: ate will rise to 17% of Thai househ
Page 16 and 17: majority) population, rather than t
Page 18 and 19: goals of the ministry of Science an
Page 20 and 21: METHODOLOGYSince the rise of the di
Page 22 and 23: Access Communication Public Company
Page 24 and 25: INTRODUCTIONIn a Bali Hotel in 2008
Page 26 and 27: First Thailand, Then the WorldThe C
Page 28 and 29: A “Wealth Effect”Behind the Mea
Page 30 and 31: Why Broadband is Crucial?Broadband
Page 32 and 33: Anthropologists are on full alert.
Page 34 and 35: NINE BROADBAND IMPACTSThis section
Page 36 and 37: If Thailand’s government and its
Page 38 and 39: 2. GDP GROWTHSummaryBy drawing upon
Page 40 and 41: The impact would be to grow the pur
Page 42 and 43: 3. INEQUALITYSummaryAlready one of
Page 44 and 45: 2) The income gaps between incomes
Page 46 and 47: Why Broadband May Defy the Kuznets
Page 48 and 49: In MB, the long-sought goals of tra
Page 52 and 53: Enhance interaction between farm co
Page 54 and 55: peer nations. 85 Recognizing this f
Page 56 and 57: For a full review on Measuring Econ
Page 58 and 59: Kingdom)—suggesting that the comp
Page 60 and 61: Assuming investors become convinced
Page 62 and 63: Thailand would emphasize its role a
Page 64 and 65: University, Chiang Mai University,
Page 66 and 67: egarding the 128 billion baht effor
Page 68 and 69: Finally, the question of whether a
Page 70 and 71: the government plans for such conce
Page 72 and 73: Consumer Broadband Connection Growt
Page 74 and 75: Appendix 2Data sources and charts t
Page 76 and 77: Thailand 5.2 4.9 2.2 -2.0 -3.2 3.0
Page 78 and 79: The World Bank, “Information and
Page 80 and 81: • Per capita GDP in 1980 (GDP80)5
Page 82 and 83: In 2006, 3.4 percent of the populat
Page 84 and 85: Relation between the Country ICT Pe
Page 86 and 87: APPENDIX 3The following chart indic
Page 88 and 89: Thailand Economic MonitorThe World
Page 90 and 91: MLD is one of these generalized ine
Page 92 and 93: APPENDIX 4Labor Force Survey 2009Ba
Page 94 and 95: APPENDIX 5Global Microscope on the
Page 96 and 97: APPENDIX 6Malmquist Index 130The Ma
Page 98 and 99: The chart below links uncertain gov
Page 100 and 101:
The chart below shows that, despite
Page 102 and 103:
The Global Competitiveness Report 2
Page 104 and 105:
APPENDIX 8R&D Expenditure and Gross
Page 106 and 107:
Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BRO
Page 108 and 109:
APPENDIX 9For an overview of best p
Page 110 and 111:
Europe: Broadband Stimulus Snapshot
Page 112 and 113:
Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
Page 114 and 115:
Peer to peer learning.Use of blogs,
Page 116 and 117:
Economic Multiplier Impacts:This re
Page 118 and 119:
Informal Economy:This refers to the
Page 120 and 121:
M Factor:This refers to how “mean
Page 122 and 123:
equired to follow restrictions agai
Page 124 and 125:
MEANINGFUL BROADBAND WORKINGGROUP I
Page 126 and 127:
Can’t markets, left to themselves
Page 128:
How is the Office of the Prime Mini
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