BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 - Center for Ethics of Science and ...

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INTRODUCTIONIn a Bali Hotel in 2008, nine ICT ministers of ASEAN gatheredaround a table to sign a declaration. “Our highest priority isto build capacity for high-speed Internet….” it said. Then theyadded a qualifier, “…to close the Digital Divide.” 6 But like mostDigital Divide declarations made over 10 years, the Balideclaration was not followed by any concrete plan for how such agoal could be achieved.Yet, without such a plan, the International TelecommunicationsUnion (ITU) predicts a huge new divide will emerge betweennations that are “broadband-enabled” and those that are not. 7The gap between the two kinds of nation is growing – and somethink the gap is already irreversible.The series of Meaningful Broadband Reports delivered to AsianITU predicts a huge newdivide between nationsthat are able to shapebroadband to meet theirneeds and those thatcannot. This divide maydefine winners andlosers in the “AsianCentury.”countries – including this report – hopes to contribute to a modelthat reverses the broadband divide in emergent economies.Designed for Thailand, this report offers clues relevant for otherAsian countries whose leaders are also frustrated that the massmarketembrace of cell phones in their countries is not beingfollowed by a corresponding leapfrog into wireless internet.Though this problem may seem peripheral to most nations’ coreconcerns, the Meaningful Broadband series hopes to show that“closing the Broadband divide” speaks to the core concerns ofprime ministers and parliaments as well as to the general public.6 http://www.aseansec.org/21920.htm7 www.itu.int/en/broadband/Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 24
Why Chula Stepped In?Alarmed at the slow and uncertain pace of broadbandThe Chulalongkornsecretariat is housedwithin an obscureprogram in the Facultyof Arts which safeguardshumanistic traditionslinked to His Majestythe King.penetration in the nation, the National TelecommunicationsCommission and the CEOs of the five telecommunicationsoperating companies accepted Chulalongkorn University’sinvitation to form a coalition, called the Meaningful BroadbandWorking Group (MBWG.) Rather than seek a policy consensusamong themselves, the Working Group asked ChulalongkornUniversity to formulate an unbiased view of how broadbandcould be meaningfully deployed in Thailand. Rather than turn tothe university’s renowned engineering faculty to do the work, theuniversity chairman, Dr. Charas Suwanwela and its President, Dr.Pirom Kamol-Ratanakul, assigned the role of MBWG Secretariatto an obscure program within the university’s Faculty of Arts, theCenter for Ethics of Science and Technology (CEST.) It addressestechnology policy from humanistic and philosophic points of view,including the concept of Sufficiency Economy promulgated by HisMajesty the King. The Meaningful Broadband initiative wasbrought from Indonesia to the university in 2008 by Dr. Charas,who explained that Chulalongkorn has the long-standing role ofstepping in to formulate ethical principles that are urgentlyneeded when the government itself is unable or unwilling to act.“This is one of those circumstances,” he said. 8The analysis presented here is that of the Chulalongkorn’s MBWGSecretariat alone and does not represent viewpoints of membersof MBWG, nor its current Rotating Chairman Mr. SuphachaiChearavanont, President and CEO of True Corporation. It has notbeen influenced by any corporate policies or any governmentalinterest.8 Public lecture by Dr. Charas Suwanwela, November 23, 2009Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BROADBAND THAILAND 2015 25
Page 1 and 2: Meaningful Broadband Working GroupC
Page 3 and 4: Meaningful Broadband Working GroupC
Page 8 and 9: 6. PRODUCTIVITY ...................
Page 10 and 11: Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
Page 12 and 13: principles that define the zeitgeis
Page 14 and 15: ate will rise to 17% of Thai househ
Page 16 and 17: majority) population, rather than t
Page 18 and 19: goals of the ministry of Science an
Page 20 and 21: METHODOLOGYSince the rise of the di
Page 22 and 23: Access Communication Public Company
Page 26 and 27: First Thailand, Then the WorldThe C
Page 28 and 29: A “Wealth Effect”Behind the Mea
Page 30 and 31: Why Broadband is Crucial?Broadband
Page 32 and 33: Anthropologists are on full alert.
Page 34 and 35: NINE BROADBAND IMPACTSThis section
Page 36 and 37: If Thailand’s government and its
Page 38 and 39: 2. GDP GROWTHSummaryBy drawing upon
Page 40 and 41: The impact would be to grow the pur
Page 42 and 43: 3. INEQUALITYSummaryAlready one of
Page 44 and 45: 2) The income gaps between incomes
Page 46 and 47: Why Broadband May Defy the Kuznets
Page 48 and 49: In MB, the long-sought goals of tra
Page 50 and 51: 5. MICROFINANCESummaryMeaningful Br
Page 52 and 53: Enhance interaction between farm co
Page 54 and 55: peer nations. 85 Recognizing this f
Page 56 and 57: For a full review on Measuring Econ
Page 58 and 59: Kingdom)—suggesting that the comp
Page 60 and 61: Assuming investors become convinced
Page 62 and 63: Thailand would emphasize its role a
Page 64 and 65: University, Chiang Mai University,
Page 66 and 67: egarding the 128 billion baht effor
Page 68 and 69: Finally, the question of whether a
Page 70 and 71: the government plans for such conce
Page 72 and 73: Consumer Broadband Connection Growt
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Appendix 2Data sources and charts t
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Thailand 5.2 4.9 2.2 -2.0 -3.2 3.0
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The World Bank, “Information and
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• Per capita GDP in 1980 (GDP80)5
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In 2006, 3.4 percent of the populat
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Relation between the Country ICT Pe
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APPENDIX 3The following chart indic
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Thailand Economic MonitorThe World
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MLD is one of these generalized ine
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APPENDIX 4Labor Force Survey 2009Ba
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APPENDIX 5Global Microscope on the
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APPENDIX 6Malmquist Index 130The Ma
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The chart below links uncertain gov
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The chart below shows that, despite
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The Global Competitiveness Report 2
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APPENDIX 8R&D Expenditure and Gross
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Meaningful Broadband Report 2.0 BRO
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APPENDIX 9For an overview of best p
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Europe: Broadband Stimulus Snapshot
Page 112 and 113:
Thailand’s Stimulus II, “Strong
Page 114 and 115:
Peer to peer learning.Use of blogs,
Page 116 and 117:
Economic Multiplier Impacts:This re
Page 118 and 119:
Informal Economy:This refers to the
Page 120 and 121:
M Factor:This refers to how “mean
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equired to follow restrictions agai
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MEANINGFUL BROADBAND WORKINGGROUP I
Page 126 and 127:
Can’t markets, left to themselves
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How is the Office of the Prime Mini
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