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NOTES 407and treat all without bias, attachment, or aversion, but with boundlesslove and compassion.7. Bodhichitta is categorized in a number of ways. The distinctionbetween "Bodhichitta in aspiration" and "Bodhichitta in action" isportrayed by Shantideva as being like the difference between decidingto go somewhere and making the voyage. Bodhichitta is also categorizedinto "relative," or "conventional Bodhichitta," and "ultimateBodhichitta." Relative Bodhichitta entails the compassionate wish toattain enlightenment for the benefit of all living beings, and the trainingoutlined here. Ultimate Bodhichitta is the direct insight into theultimate nature of things.8. In Chapter 13, "Spiritual Help for the Dying," I shall explainhow the dying person can practice Tonglen.9. Shantideva, A Guide, to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life, 119.13. SPIRITUAL HELP FOR THE DYING1. Dame Cicely Saunders, "Spiritual Pain," a paper presented at St.Christopher's Hospice Fourth International Conference, London 1987,published in Hospital Chaplain (March 1988).2. Stephen Levine, interviewed by Peggy Roggenbuck, New AgeMagazine, September 1979, 50.3. Jamyang Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö wrote this in his Heart Advicefor my great-aunt Ani Pelu (London: Rigpa Publications, 1981).4. An audio cassette of readings from the Tibetan Book of Living andDying is available to help people who are dying.5. "Son/daughter of an enlightened family": All sentient beings areat one stage or another of purifying and revealing their inherent buddhanature and are therefore collectively known as "the enlightenedfamily."6. The Sanskrit word Dharma has many meanings. Here it meansthe Buddhist teaching as a whole. As Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche says:"The expression of the Buddha's wisdom for the sake of all sentientbeings." Dharma can mean Truth or ultimate reality; dharma also signifiesany phenomenon or mental object.7. Lama Norlha in Kalu Rinpoche, The Dharma (Albany: StateUniv. of New York Press, 1986), 155.8. Marion L. Matics, Entering the Path of Enlightenment: The Bodhicaryavataraof the Buddhist Poet Shantideva (London: George, Allen andUnwin, 1971), 154; Shantideva, A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life(Bodhicaryavatara), translated by Stephen Batchelor (Dharamsala:Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, 1979), 30-32.14. THE PRACTICES FOR DYING1. Lati Rinbochay and Jeffrey Hopkins, Death, Intermediate State andRebirth in Tibetan Buddhism (Ithaca, NY: Snow Lion, 1985), 9.