Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic ... - Geoflow

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(a)Figure 3-2. Example of Insert Used for Gas Sampling from Septic Tanks with Scum Layer:(a) View of 6 and 12 inch Inserts and (b) Close-up View of the 12 inch Insert.(b)Figure 3-3. Sampling Device Used to Obtain Gas Samples Through Scum Layer.Note the Placement of the Flux Chambers and Inserts.Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Septic Systems 3-3
3.1.3 Flux Chamber Design for Use in SoilA chamber similar to that described in Section 3.1.1 was constructed to take samplesfrom the leach field (Hutchinson and Livingston, 1993, USDA-ARS, 2003). The key differencebetween the leach field and septic tank flux chambers is that the leach field chamber did notinclude the external vent and it had an additional covering of reflective insulation (as seen onFigure. 3-4) to decrease the sensitivity of the measurements to radiant heating.Figure 3-4. Flux Chamber Designed for Testing Gases from the Leach Field.3.1.4 Flux Chamber Inserts for the SoilThe inserts for the soil dispersal system were made of PVC pipe (12" diameter and 4"length). The soil inserts were functionally similar to the scum layer inserts described above. Sixinserts were installed above each soil dispersal system a week in advance to the first samplingevent in the soil. The insert pieces were left in the soil over the entire sampling period tominimize disturbances of the soil when the flux chambers were set and the samples taken(USDA-ARS, 2003).3.1.5 Vent Sampling DeviceAn apparatus was built to sample vented gases from the septic system cleanout port. Asshown in Figure 3-5, the sampling device consisted of a 3 or 4" PVC slip cap and threaded ABSadapter as needed to fit the cleanout port. Teflon tubing and a hot wire anemometer with atelescoping handle were mounted on the cap. A 3/16" brass Swagelok fitting was used to holdthe Teflon tubing in place. A second brass piece at the end of the tubing was fitted with a septumfor extraction of the gas samples with a syringe. A 1/2" cord-grip connector was attached to thecap to hold the hot wire anemometer (See Figure 3-5). Lengths of 1/2" PVC pipe sleeves wereattached to the bottom of the cap with threaded adapters and used as guides for the sampling tubeand the hotwire anemometer. The length of the PVC pipe sleeves varied depending on the depthto the same location at the centerline of the drain line as seen in Figure. 3-5. The device fittightly in the clean out port, creating a tight seal. Because the cleanout was completely sealedwhen the gas sampling apparatus was in place, gases were constantly moving through the drainline of the house and exiting the building vent as would occur under normal conditions. The3-4
Page 1 and 2: D e c e n t r a l i z e dEvaluation
Page 3 and 4: The Water Environment Research Foun
Page 5 and 6: ABSTRACT AND BENEFITSAbstract:This
Page 7 and 8: 3.1.2 Flux Chamber Inserts for Sept
Page 9 and 10: LIST OF TABLESES-1 Summary of Metha
Page 11 and 12: 3-7 Use of Flux Chamber in the Soil
Page 13 and 14: Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissi
Page 15 and 16: tank is converted anaerobically. Fu
Page 17 and 18: RecommendationsBased on the finding
Page 19 and 20: ♦♦Collection of gas samples fro
Page 21 and 22: include Imhoff tanks, anaerobic baf
Page 23 and 24: 2.2 Septic Tank CharacteristicsSept
Page 25 and 26: 2.2.3 General Conversion Processes
Page 27 and 28: increase in thickness with daily so
Page 29 and 30: environmental damage and/or health
Page 31 and 32: Figure 2-6. The Intermediate Steps
Page 33 and 34: In anaerobic reactors, the alkalini
Page 35 and 36: epresentative concentrations. Inhib
Page 37 and 38: 2.4 Gas Emissions from Septic Syste
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2-9. Flux Chamber Designed b
Page 41 and 42: due to settling and anaerobic diges
Page 43 and 44: total methane production value of 1
Page 45 and 46: 2-26
Page 47: The main body of the flux chamber w
Page 51 and 52: 3.2 Sampling ProtocolsThe three pri
Page 53 and 54: 3.2.3 Sampling Method for Vent Syst
Page 55 and 56: 3.3 Gas AnalysisThe gas samples wer
Page 57 and 58: ppm (raw data from laboratory) were
Page 59 and 60: gal. Sites 5, 6, and 7 were the onl
Page 61 and 62: Table 4-2. Continued from previous
Page 63 and 64: Three of the septic tanks that appe
Page 65 and 66: steeper than that for the rest of t
Page 67 and 68: espectively, and for methane were 4
Page 69 and 70: oth before and after the septic tan
Page 71 and 72: noted that in this approach it is a
Page 73 and 74: The septic tank effluent CO 2 equiv
Page 75 and 76: (a)(b)Figure 5-9. Gas Emission Rate
Page 77 and 78: Figure 5-11. Emission Rates from Si
Page 79 and 80: (a)(b)Figure 5-13. Views of the Eff
Page 81 and 82: It is important to note that the U.
Page 83 and 84: ♦ Methane generated during the an
Page 85 and 86: A-2
Page 87 and 88: B. Based on COD Loading1. Determine
Page 89 and 90: C-2
Page 91 and 92: 2. First row of Table 23 from Sasse
Page 93 and 94: Biogas production = (COD inflow - C
Page 95 and 96: E-2
Page 97 and 98: SAMPLING FROM SOIL SURFACEDate:Hour
Page 99 and 100:
F-4
Page 101 and 102:
G-2
Page 103 and 104:
DateSamplelocationGas measurement (
Page 105 and 106:
After the initial inspections, Site
Page 107 and 108:
H-2 Site 2The scum layer in the fir
Page 109 and 110:
Table H-10. GHG Emission Rates From
Page 111 and 112:
Table H-14. Summary of the Water Qu
Page 113 and 114:
Table H-18. Summary of the Water Qu
Page 115 and 116:
Table H-22. GHG Emission Rates from
Page 117 and 118:
Sample Gas measurement (g/capita·d
Page 119 and 120:
H-9 Summary of ResultsA summary of
Page 121 and 122:
I-2
Page 123 and 124:
Treatment in Decentralized Wastewat
Page 125 and 126:
Philip, H., S. Maunoir, A. Rambaud,
Page 127 and 128:
Winfrey, M.R. and J.G. Zeikus (1977
Page 129 and 130:
Fort Worth, City ofHouston, City of
Page 132:
W E R F P r o d u c t O r d e r F o
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