4How Will You Operate?Murray’s Lawn and LandscapingServiceby Genevieve Gardner“I don’t compete with nature – I learn from it andI work with it,” has been Murray David’s mottosince he started his lawn and gardenmaintenance business after retiring from a 28-year naval career.Start-up costs for a lawn and garden business arerelatively low – Murray estimates $5,000 to$10,000 for anyone entering the business – andhe was able to adapt various pieces of gardeningequipment he already owned.Murray makes time to explore the garden with aclient – every week if that’s desired –- and tokeep them informed of what he has done on eachvisit. “One very distinctive feature of mygardens,” he says with obvious pride, “is athrowback to the Navy – everything must bemanicured, trimmed and precise.”Murray also looks after a number of apartmentbuildings and condominiums, though quite oftenhe finds dealing with management companiesmore complicated than dealing with individuals.“It’s important to make sure that you identifywhether the company is administered at the local,provincial, or national level,” he advises,“especially if you are tracking an unpaidinvoice.”In his truck he carries licenses, coursecertificates and an impressive photo album ofbefore-and-after pictures of his best gardenassignments. <strong>Business</strong> cards and a cellular phonefor accessibility round out his mobile office.Computer records are kept on all his clients’gardens, including dates of mixture applicationsand what bio-safe products have been applied.He willingly prints out this information forclients on request. Charging by the hour, hebases his calculations on a scale of knowledge,number of clients and machinery costs. As hisknowledge expands, he plans to raise his ratesaccordingly.In future, Murray hopes to expand to acomplement of three: someone for moss baskets,himself doing a bit of everything, and anotherperson to do contract yard work with him. “Iwould like to someone. It would be good to sharewhat I’ve learned.”Assessing Your SituationThe expression “business operations” refers tothe activities and systems involved in organizinga business on a daily basis. These aresummarized in the operations section of abusiness plan, which covers:• Location (aspects not directly related tomarketing)• Premises and facilities• Equipment and methods• Materials, supplies and sources• Key personnel and staff• Professional services and resources• Management and training54solutions for small business home-based business
Organize Physical SpaceWhy is Location Important?Zoning ByLawsZoning bylaws outline what is legal within a city,municipality or regional district. The three maincategories of zones are residential, commercial,and industrial. Zoning by-laws restrict what canhappen in each zone with such things as the typeof activity, size of building, how close thebuilding can be to the street, parking, the numberof employees, amount of traffic, and size andtype of outdoor sign.Do your research on zoning early. Sometimesmixed use is possible, for example a homeoccupation that meets certain conditions may bepermitted in a residential area. Without zoningpermission, a home-based entrepreneur cannotlegally . Many do operate illegally but risk beingclosed down at any time.Today, most municipalities recognize the positivebenefits of home-based businesses. Ripple andspin-off effects on the wider community andeconomy are positive. Home-based businessesare increasingly recognized to fill a particularneed in small and rural communities. Thisrecognition has gone a long way to improvingrelationships between home-based business, themore established commercial businesscommunity and municipal governments.Increasing contact and information exchangehave led to cooperation among the three groups,as expressed by home-based entrepreneurRichard Morgan about Mission:“Our Association (of home-based businesses)worked with city council, the city’s license issuer,administrator, building inspector, and a couple ofaldermen to design by-laws that home-basedbusinesses could live with.”Be prepared with property records andinformation for this research – street address, anda legal description of the property, if possible.Start at the Planning Department in yourmunicipality. This is where you will be able tofind out about your present zoning. Be able toexplain exactly what your business will be doing– a description of your <strong>Business</strong> Concept will beuseful here.Rezoning is possible by applying to a localcouncil. The application process is relativelycomplicated.Rezoning often meets opposition and in manyplaces, zoning changes require public hearings –so there are no guarantees that rezoningapplications will be approved.You may do all your research, set up the businesslegally within current zoning requirements – onlyto find that the zoning gets changed. Your statusthen changes to what is called “nonconforming”.This means your business cancontinue to operate, even though it does notconform to or follow new zoning regulations. Ifsuch a business stops for a continuous period ofsix months or more, it generally loses nonconformingstatus.Typical bylaw restrictionsThe following bylaw example, from the town ofMission in British Columbia (Bylaw No. 1737-1988), has typical restrictions on home-basedbusiness use:Where permitted, accessory home occupations:• Shall be entirely enclosed within a building• Shall not involve the external storage ordisplay of materials or finished productsassociated with the home occupation usesolutions for small business home-based business 55