Pt B, Ch 12, Sec 2PVC LinearVoluminalmass (kg/m 3 )TensileE 1 , E 2(MPa)ModulusCompressiveE 3 (MPa)Table 3 : FoamsShearG 12 , G 13 , G 23(MPa)Tensileσ 1 , σ 2(MPa)Breaking StressesCompressiveσ 1 , σ 2 (MPa)Shearτ 12 , τ 13 , τ 23(MPa)Poissoncoefficientν 12 , ν 2150 21 18 8 0,7 0,3 0,3 0,3660 29 28 11 0,9 0,4 0,5 0,3170 37 38 14 1,1 0,6 0,7 0,2780 44 49 18 1,3 0,7 0,8 0,2590 52 59 21 1,4 0,9 1,0 0,24100 59 69 24 1,6 1,0 1,2 0,23110 67 79 27 1,8 1,2 1,3 0,22130 82 99 34 2,2 1,5 1,7 0,21140 89 109 37 2,4 1,6 1,9 0,2150 37 40 18 1,0 0,6 0,6 0,0260 47 51 22 1,4 0,8 0,8 0,0570 57 63 27 1,8 1,1 1,0 0,0780 67 75 31 2,2 1,4 1,1 0,0890 78 88 36 2,5 1,7 1,3 0,09100 88 102 40 2,9 1,9 1,5 0,10110 98 116 44 3,3 2,2 1,6 0,11130 118 145 53 3,9 2,8 2,0 0,12140 129 161 57 4,3 3,0 2,2 0,12170 159 209 71 5,2 3,8 2,7 0,13190 180 243 79 5,8 4,4 3,0 0,13200 190 260 84 6,1 4,7 3,2 0,13250 241 352 105 7,4 6,0 4,1 0,1450 52 29 13 0,9 0,4 0,7 0,1160 65 37 16 1,2 0,5 0,8 0,1870 78 44 18 1,5 0,6 0,9 0,2080 92 50 21 1,7 0,8 1,0 0,1990 107 55 23 1,9 0,9 1,1 0,17100 122 60 26 2,0 1,1 1,2 0,15110 137 64 29 2,2 1,2 1,3 0,12130 168 71 34 2,5 1,6 1,5 0,06140 184 74 36 2,6 1,8 1,6 0,03170 234 83 43 2,9 2,4 1,9 0,03190 268 88 48 3,1 2,8 2,1 0,03200 285 90 51 3,1 3,0 2,1 0,0350 54 59 21 1.9 0.8 0.8 0.460 69 76 24 2.1 1.1 1.0 0.670 84 94 28 2.3 1.5 1.2 0.680 101 112 33 2.6 1.9 1.5 0.790 119 132 39 2.9 2.3 1.8 0.7100 137 152 45 3.2 2.7 2.1 0.7110 155 173 52 3.6 3.2 2.4 0.6130 195 217 71 4.5 4.2 3.1 0.5140 215 239 83 5.0 4.8 3.5 0.4170 280 311 131 6.8 6.7 4.7 0.2The values presented in this table are given for general guidance only.Note 1: τ 13 and τ 23 are identical to respectively τ IL2 and τ IL1PVC cross linkedSANPMIJuly 2006 with February 2008 Amendments Bureau Veritas Rules for Yachts 283
Pt B, Ch 12, Sec 2Table 4 : BalsaVoluminal mass (kg/m 3 )80 96 112 128 144 160 176 192 240Young modulus (MPa), parallel tosandwich in-plane E 1 , E 223 33 42 51 61 71 80 89 116Young modulus (MPa), normal tosandwich in-plane E 31522 2145 2768 3460 4083 4706 5328 5882 7750Shear modulus (MPa), normal tosandwich in-plane G 13 , G 2357 80 103 127 150 174 197 218 286Shear modulus (MPa), parallel tosandwich in-plane G 1240 55 70 90 105 120 140 150 200Coefficient ν 12 , ν 21 0,015 0,015 0,015 0,015 0,015 0,015 0,015 0,015 0,015Breaking compressive (MPa), normalto sandwich in-plane σ 33,53 5,12 5,95 8,17 9,69 11,35 12,80 14,32 18,96Breaking traction (MPa), parallelto sandwich in-plane σ 1 , σ 20,28 0,34 0,42 0,51 0,56 0,64 0,69 0,78 1Breaking compressive (MPa), parallelto sandwich in-plane σ 1 , σ 20,48 0,58 0,71 0,87 0,95 1,1 1,17 1,33 1,7Shear breaking (MPa), throughsandwich thickness τ 13 , τ 230,94 1,1 1,33 1,62 1,73 1,93 2,05 2,33 2,93Shear breaking (MPa), parallel tosandwich in-plane τ 120,7 0,9 1,2 1,5 1,8 2 2,3 2,5 3,4The values presented in this table are given for general guidance only.Note 1: τ 13 and τ 23 are identical to respectively τ IL2 and τ IL1Young modulus (MPa), parallel to grain E 1 60004.4 Natural materials4.4.1 GeneralThe natural material used is the wood, and so the mechanicalcharacteristics of wood as core are intrinsically linked tothe structure of wood used.Two main technics are used to make sandwich with woodcore which differ from the wood grain orientation in relationto the sandwich plane:• wood grain running normal to the sandwich plane(balsa). In this case, the wood core behaviour is similarto foams or honeycombs.• wood grain running parallel to the sandwich plane(cedar for example). In this case, in addition to ensuringstiffness and shear resistance of the sandwich, the woodcore directly takes part to the global sandwich bendingdue to significant stiffness.4.4.2 BalsaThe main mechanical characteristics of balsa are:• high compressive and shear strength• high stability where heated.Balsa is available in a large range of density and thickness.Where balsa is used with high density and thickness, thegrain may be transversally solicited by the global sandwichbending.For information, the standard mechanical characteristics ofthe balsa core material in relation to their density are givenin Tab 4.4.4.3 Red cedarRed cedar is generally used in typical construction, named“strip planking”. With its wood grain running parallel to thesandwich plane, the cedar is also participating to bendingstress located perpendicular to the cedar grain where itsresistance is weaker.For information, the main mechanical characteristics of redcedar, for a voluminal mass equal to 350 kg/m 3 , are in Tab 5.Table 5 : Red cedarYoung modulus (MPa), perpendicular to grainE 2 , E 3300Shear modulus (MPa) G 12 350Shear modulus (MPa) G 23 250Shear modulus (MPa) G 13 350Coefficient ν 12 0,47Coefficient ν 21 0,02Breaking traction (MPa), parallel to graindirection σ 140Breaking traction (MPa), perpendicular tograin direction σ 21,5Breaking compressive (MPa), parallel to graindirection σ 125Breaking compressive (MPa), perpendicularto grain direction σ 22,5Breaking, shear stress (MPa) τ 12 , τ 13 , τ IL2 5Breaking, shear stress (MPa) τ 23 , τ IL1 10The values presented in this table are given for generalguidance only.284 Bureau Veritas Rules for Yachts July 2006 with February 2008 Amendments
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