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CrosstabulationCollective or Individualistic? * In what way does culture create communication challenges?% of TotalCollective orIndividualistic?DictionCommunication challenges identifiedDisconnectionDiscomfortwith formalityInaccuracy LanguageTotalIndividualistic 5.1% 1.7% 6.8%Collective 22.0% 30.5% 8.5% 11.9% 20.3% 93.2%Total 22.0% 30.5% 13.6% 11.9% 22.0% 100.0%The asymptotic significance of the Chi square test (shown in Appendix D)is less than 0.05 (0.005) meaning the chances of obtaining these results bychance is low and there is a relationship between the two variables. The Chisquare test is however not helpful in deducing the strength of therelationship between the variables. The Phi and Cramer‟s V values indicate amoderately strong relationship with the values of 0.5 and 0.5 respectively.The closer the value is to the number one, the stronger the relationship.The challenges in manager-employee communiaction that were identifiedwere diction problems, disconnection problems and discomfort with rigidformality. It was however found that respondents who were established asindividualistic did not identify any communication problems of diction ordisconnection.1. DictionThe study shows that one of the most common difficulties in cross-culturalmanagement within the organisation is diction and literal interpretation ofwords. It was shown that many of the employees (23.2%) feel the need tocarefully select words to use when interacting with foreign managers ratherthan having the privilege of comfortable expression. This is because thewords they use are taken quite literally.40