Recommended actions to foster the adoption of Corporate Social ...

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BibliographyESADE, SDA Bocconi, Norwegian School of Management (2006) ‘The Changing Role of Governmentin Corporate Responsibility – A report for practitioners’, (EABIS – European Academy of Businessin Society).European Commission (2002) ‘Communication from the Commission concerning Corporate SocialResponsibility: A business contribution to Sustainable Development’. (European Commission).Petkoski, D., and Twose, N. (2003) Public Policy for Corporate Social Responsibility. World Bank Institute,Private Sector Development, (the World Bank, and the International Finance Corporation).Utting, P. (2005) ‘Rethinking Business Regulation: From Self-Regulation to Social Control’, (Geneva:UNRISD – United Nations Research Institute for Social Development).Vives, Antonio (2004) ‘The Role of Multilateral Development Institutions in Fostering Corporate SocialResponsibility’, Society for International Development 1011-6370/04, (Washington D.C., Inter-AmericaDevelopment Bank).Vives, Antonio, A. Corral, I. Isusi (2005) ‘Social and Environmental Responsibility in Small and MediumEnterprises in Latin America’ (Washington D.C., Inter-America Development Bank).WBCSD (World Business Council for Sustainable Development) (2002) ‘The Business Case for SustainableDevelopment’, (Geneva: WBCSD).12 Recommended actions to foster the adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
Chapter 1: Argentina1 Executive SummaryIn Argentina, CSR development should be led byNGOs and academic institutions, which are alreadyengaged in the promotion of CSR, in partnership withenterprises, business associations and governmentalorganizations. Local actors, such as the communityand civil society, which had prominent roles duringthe 2001 economic crisis, should promote CSR inArgentina at the sub-national level.There are several variables that may be holdingback the advancement of CSR in Argentinean SMEs.The most evident obstacles are the effects of the2001 economic crisis, including: lack ofemployment, corruption, absence of an effectiveregulation framework and ineffective compliancecontrol systems. Many stakeholders think that theattention given to CSR in the last few years was anapproach to help overcome aspects of the economiccrisis. Since the crisis is now arguably over, CSRneeds to find a different way to draw attention to itspotential not only as a recovery remedy, but also asa way to increase competitiveness, access new andglobal markets, enhance supply chains, and supportlocal economic development.NGOs, as a part of Argentinean civil society, have avaluable role in fostering CSR among SMEs. 5 Civilsociety should educate SMEs, engage stakeholders,and conduct awareness campaigns and feasibilitystudies. Civil society could also contribute to thecreation of codes of conduct and ethical behavior,the improvement of monitoring systems andenvironmental assessment, the launch of a centerfor environmental technology transfer and thecreation of CSR awards and labels.Given the shortcomings of existing regulations andthe lag in the adoption of internationally acceptednorms in Argentina, MDIs have a strong role inraising awareness of CSR, engaging the parties innegotiation and cooperation, financing pilotactivities and providing technical assistance. MDIsmay provide financial support through MultilateralFinancial Institutions, which are part of MDIs. MDIsshould also encourage the involvement of publicauthorities, promote public-private partnershipsand support transparency campaigns.The Argentinean national and local governmentscan have an important role in facilitating CSR. Thisanalysis, however, discourages Argentina’s publicauthorities from imposing CSR regulations, due tothe low level of public trust in politicians andadministrators.Business associations can also play an importantrole in promoting CSR, as they have successfullytaken a leading role on several pilot projects aimedat enhancing compliance in the marketplace,applying environmental management systems, andimplementing gender policies among SMEs. Theyalso have leading roles in facilitating an approach tocompliance, improving monitoring systems,promoting environmental assessments and trainingSME managers.2 Economic and SocialFrameworkMost of the documents reviewed for this analysishighlight the exceptionality of Argentina, due to theunique macroeconomic figures resulting from the2001 economic crisis. After the economic crisis,approximately 40 percent of SMEs could not continueoperations. This was mainly because they were facedwith having to pay similar levels of taxes and penaltiesas they had before the crisis, but now withconsiderably less income. According to the WorldEconomic Forum (WEF) in 2005, Argentina’sunemployment rate was 13.6 percent of the total laborforce. SMEs in Argentina employ 78 percent of thelabor force and contribute with 61 percent of thedomestic product.5 The civil society role, as known, was mainly in raising attention to ethical conduct and responsible behaviors as a way to overtakethe crisis and the impasse.Argentina13
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Page 5 and 6: table of contentsI Acknowledgements
Page 7: Chapter 6: Mexico1 Executive Summar
Page 10 and 11: acronymsCDMCSRECFLAFSCGDPGHGGRIHRWI
Page 12 and 13: strong internal relationship, in ot
Page 14 and 15: programs that affect the private se
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Page 18 and 19: (Technology Index, Public Instituti
Page 22 and 23: The following chart shows competiti
Page 24 and 25: CSR area significanceThe following
Page 26 and 27: structured philanthropic policies,
Page 28 and 29: the private sector and to develop g
Page 30 and 31: c. Facilitating, recommended action
Page 32 and 33: BibliographyAnselmi, P. (2005) ‘L
Page 34 and 35: APPENDIX 1 - ARGENTINA’S STAKEHOL
Page 36 and 37: 28 Recommended actions to foster th
Page 38 and 39: 2 Economic and SocialFrameworkBrazi
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Page 42 and 43: micro and small companies based on
Page 44 and 45: Brazil ratified the Kyoto Protocol
Page 46 and 47: - Improve monitoring systems andenv
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Page 50 and 51: Websites consultedwww.accountabilit
Page 52 and 53: APPENDIX 1 - BRAZIL’S STAKEHOLDER
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Page 56 and 57: A stable macroeconomic framework, s
Page 58 and 59: An investigation of Chile’s equit
Page 60 and 61: CSR area significanceThe following
Page 62 and 63: powerful, but are mainly involved i
Page 64 and 65: Fomento al Desarrollo Científico y
Page 66 and 67: a. Improving Promotion and Advocacy
Page 68 and 69: Websites consultedwww.accionrse.clw
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APPENDIX 1 - CHILEAN STAKEHOLDER MA
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Chapter 4: Colombia1 Executive Summ
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In addition, corruption is a widely
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CSR area significancesupply chain m
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However, market pressures, primaril
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- Sponsor a human rights campaign t
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. Improving Promotion and Advocacy,
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Websites consultedwww.accountabilit
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APPENDIX 1 - COLOMBIAN STAKEHOLDER
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APPENDIX 1 - COLOMBIAN STAKEHOLDER
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Chapter 5: El Salvador1 Executive S
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El Salvador’s competitiveness. Co
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ecome key organizations in the batt
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According to Vives, Corral and Isus
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subsequent survey, by the World Ban
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following strategies, as defined in
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4.4 Civil SocietyIn this study, civ
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Tsukamoto, M, Twose, N., (2003) ‘
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APPENDIX 1 - EL SALVADOR’S STAKEH
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Chapter 6: Mexico1 Executive Summar
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OrganizationWEFWEFWEFIndexNumber of
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there is a general confusion about
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CSR area significancemaxCSR actual
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and because of institutional voids
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- Improve monitoring systems andenv
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- Participate in the publication of
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López-Acevedo, G., (2006) ‘Mexic
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AppendixThe following stakeholder m
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APPENDIX 1 - MEXICAN STAKEHOLDER MA
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Peruvian civil society has a strong
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environment, and they have waste tr
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Not even the lack of relations and
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- Create awareness of accountabilit
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These two groups will likely implem
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Websites consultedwww.accountabilit
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APPENDIX 1 - PERUVIAN STAKEHOLDER M
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Chapter 8: Venezuela1 Executive Sum
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OrganizationWEFIndexNumber of Count
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3 Current State of CSRCSR actual po
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cooperatives and farmers 114 Unfort
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a. Mandating, recommended actions f
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BibliographyArmas, V. (1999) ‘Esp
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AppendixThe following stakeholder m
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