JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS EDUCATION - Naspaa

Knowledge Transfer of Educational Programs in Public Management:Table 1.ContinuedWork Environment ScalesFeedback/Performance Coaching: Formal and informal indicators from an organization aboutan individual’s job performance.Supervisor/Manager Support: The extent to which managers support and reinforce on-the-joblearning.Supervisor/Manager Sanctions: The extent to which individuals perceive negative responsesfrom managers when applying skills learned in training.Peer Support: The extent to which peers reinforce and support on-the-job learning.Resistance/Openness to Change: The extent to which prevailing group norms are perceived byindividuals to resist or discourage the use of skills and knowledge acquired in training.Personal Outcomes-Positive: The highest degree of positive outcomes that can be achieved byusing training on the job.Personal Outcomes-Negative: : The extent to which individuals believe that applying skills andknowledge learned in training will lead to negative outcomes.Ability ScalesOpportunity to Use Learning: The extent to which trainees obtain or are provided withresources and job tasks that enable them to use skills taught in training.Personal Capacity for Transfer: The extent to which individuals have the time, energy, andmental space in their work lives to make changes required to transfer learning to the job.Perceived Content Validity: The extent to which the trainees judge the training content asaccurately reflecting job requirements.Transfer Design: The extent to which training has been designed for giving trainees the abilityto transfer learning to the application of job duties, so that training instructions match jobrequirements.Note. Adapted from “Learning Transfer System Inventory: Administrator’sGuide,” by E. Holton & R. Bates, 1998.Research MethodsCase SelectionTwo Belgian cases were selected for this study. It was not the primarypurpose of these case studies to extrapolate results to a larger group of cases(Seawright & Gerring, 2008). Instead, the main goal was to gain insight into twoselected educational programs, to explore what the meaning of transfer mightbe in that setting, and to explore findings from the private sector in a different240 Journal of Public Affairs Education