Suicide Among Aboriginal People in Canada - Institut universitaire ...

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GlossaryAmbivalence – Ambivalence refers to a conflict between competing wishes or desires within the person;in the context of suicide, for example, the ambivalent individual may simultaneously have both the desireto die and the desire to live.Anomie – Sociologist Émile Durkheim used this term to refer to a lack of social order and integrationwithin a society, and suggested that there is a relationship between social conditions and suicide. Anomicsuicide can occur in a society that lacks “collective order” because it is undergoing major social change.Antidepressant – A medication used to treat major depression.Antisocial personality disorder – A psychiatric diagnosis in which a person shows repeated andpersistent social difficulties including conflict with the law, inconsistent employment, and irresponsibilityas a parent. In adolescence, this may involve truancy or expulsion from school, running away, persistentlying, sexual promiscuity, substance abuse, fighting, and vandalism.Anxiety – The state of being anxious or having feelings of nervousness and fear; a psychiatric disordercharacterized by a state of excessive uneasiness.Bimodal – A statistical distribution having two peaks.Bipolar disorder (also called manic-depressive illness) – A psychiatric disorder is characterized bycyclical periods (lasting days, weeks, or months) of extremes of mood, both highs (mania) and lows(depression).Borderline personality disorder (BPD) – A mental health problem characterized by instability inmoods, behaviour, self-image, and interpersonal relationships. Symptoms include intense bouts of anger,depression, and anxiety that may last for hours or, at most, a day. These periods may be associated withepisodes of impulsive aggression, self-injury, and substance abuse.Cohort – In epidemiology, a well-defined group of people who have had a common experience or exposure,and are then followed up. A birth cohort is a group of people born during the same time period.Cohort effect – A variation in health or other characteristics that arises from some factors to which aspecific birth cohort in the population was exposed.Comorbidity – The co-occurrence of two or more illnesses or disorders; often refers to a psychiatric orpsychological disorder coexisting with a substance use disorder.Conduct disorder – A disorder of childhood or adolescence characterized by repetitive and persistentanti-social activities that violate the rights of others. Symptoms may include physical or verbal aggressiondirected towards others, repeated violation of age-appropriate social rules and norms, stealing, and“conning” others to avoid responsibility or for personal gain.xi
GlossaryCorrelation – A relationship between variables or measurements such that when one increases so doesthe other (positive correlation), or when one increases the other decreases (negative correlation).Correlates – Factors related by correlation.Depression – A psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent sadness, low mood, a loss of interestor pleasure in usual activities, difficulty in concentration or thinking, loss of energy, fatigue, slowingdown, and lethargy or agitation. Other symptoms include loss of appetite, sleep disturbance (insomniaor excessive sleep), loss of sexual interest, and weight loss.Direct case-finding – Screening a population with a questionnaire or interview to identify individualswho are suicidal.Distribution – In epidemiology, it is the pattern and frequency of a characteristic in a population. Instatistics, it is the observed or theoretical frequency of values of a variable.DSM-IV – Fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the AmericanPsychiatric Association; the standard psychiatric diagnostic system in use in Canada and the UnitedStates.Dysphoria – An unpleasant mood such as irritability, sadness, or anxiety.ICD-10 – The tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems,the standard diagnostic system in use internationally (includes psychiatric diagnoses similar to those inDSM-IV).Incidence – The number of new instances of someone falling ill during a given period in a specifiedpopulation (e.g. new cases of disease in a population within a specified period of time).Locus of control – A measure of an individual’s belief that what happens to them is either under theirown control (internal locus of control) or under the control of other people or external forces (externallocus of control).Longitudinal study – A study that follows a group of people over time.Morbidity – Any illness or disease.Mortality rate – The frequency of death in a given population during a specified interval of time.Neuroticism – A personality trait characterized by the tendency to experience many symptoms andnegative emotions (worry, anxiety, or depression).Odds ratio – A measure of association that quantifies the relationship between an exposure and healthoutcome from a comparative study (e.g. a factor with an odds ratio of 2.0 would increase the likelihoodof an outcome by 2 times).xii
Page 1 and 2: Suicide Among Aboriginal Peoplein C
Page 3 and 4: Aboriginal Healing Foundation75 Alb
Page 6 and 7: Table of ContentsPreface...........
Page 8 and 9: Table of ContentsCultural and Lingu
Page 10: PrefaceThis report was prepared und
Page 16 and 17: GlossaryParasuicide - Any acute, in
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1IntroductionWhen I was 14
Page 20 and 21: Chapter 1Definitions of Suicide and
Page 22 and 23: Chapter 1Methods of Studying Suicid
Page 24 and 25: Chapter 1suicide attempts (Marttune
Page 26 and 27: Chapter 1A central problem for cros
Page 28 and 29: Chapter 2The Epidemiology of Suicid
Page 30 and 31: Chapter 2the economic status of Abo
Page 32 and 33: Chapter 2No study to date has syste
Page 34 and 35: Chapter 2Despite the overall patter
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 2Figure 2-6) Average Annual
Page 38 and 39: Chapter 2are only a portion of thos
Page 40 and 41: Chapter 2Figure 2-9) Suicide Rates
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 2Indeed, the rising rate of
Page 44 and 45: Chapter 2Figure 2-11) Number of Dea
Page 46 and 47: Chapter 2Rate per 100,000 populatio
Page 48 and 49: Chapter 2There are only a handful o
Page 50 and 51: Chapter 3Origins of Suicide: Indivi
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 3Anxiety disorders also car
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 3Many of the factors associ
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 3American Indians compared
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 3genetic and constitutional
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 3Single-parent families are
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 3Hopelessness, Problem Solv
Page 64 and 65:
Chapter 3higher rates of suicidal b
Page 66 and 67:
Chapter 3Physical EnvironmentSuicid
Page 68 and 69:
Chapter 31990; Chandler, 1994). Thi
Page 70 and 71:
Chapter 3Risk FactorsDepressionSubs
Page 72 and 73:
Chapter 4Origins of Suicide: Social
Page 74 and 75:
Chapter 4Reserves, Settlements, and
Page 76 and 77:
Chapter 4Traditionalism versus accu
Page 78 and 79:
Chapter 4are equivalent in seriousn
Page 80 and 81:
Chapter 4society (Levy and Kunitz,
Page 82 and 83:
Chapter 4those of mother and homema
Page 84 and 85:
Chapter 4Duncan Campbell Scott, Dep
Page 86 and 87:
Chapter 4Traditional Aboriginal com
Page 88 and 89:
Chapter 4Feehan, 1996; Grant, 1996;
Page 90 and 91:
Chapter 4The Child Welfare System a
Page 92 and 93:
Chapter 4Aboriginal communities and
Page 94 and 95:
Chapter 4had extremely high rates.
Page 96 and 97:
Chapter 4Figure 4-2) Transgeneratio
Page 98 and 99:
Chapter 5What Works in Suicide Prev
Page 100 and 101:
Chapter 5Table 5-1) Strategies of I
Page 102 and 103:
Chapter 5Effective Suicide Preventi
Page 104 and 105:
Chapter 5closet rods that give way
Page 106 and 107:
Chapter 5The American Indian Life S
Page 108 and 109:
Chapter 51) school-based and commun
Page 110 and 111:
Chapter 5reduce suicides that follo
Page 112 and 113:
Chapter 5Although they may visit a
Page 114 and 115:
Chapter 6Conclusion: Understanding
Page 116 and 117:
Chapter 6Figure 6-1) An Integrative
Page 118 and 119:
Chapter 6in large urban settings th
Page 120 and 121:
Chapter 6there’s like a program s
Page 122 and 123:
Chapter 6Figure 6-2) Levels of Inte
Page 124 and 125:
Chapter 6Planning and CoordinationA
Page 126 and 127:
Chapter 62) The response to the cri
Page 128:
Chapter 6Often, suicide is a respon
Page 131 and 132:
Appendix AASIST participants receiv
Page 133 and 134:
Appendix AThe Training for Youth Ed
Page 135 and 136:
Appendix AThe program has continued
Page 137 and 138:
Appendix Awith the creation and imp
Page 139 and 140:
Appendix AContact Information for R
Page 142 and 143:
Appendix BAdditional Resources: Man
Page 144:
Appendix BAboriginal Healing and We
Page 147 and 148:
Appendix CNational Aboriginal Healt
Page 149 and 150:
References——— (1987). Unravel
Page 151 and 152:
ReferencesBeck, A.T., R.A. Steer, M
Page 153 and 154:
ReferencesBrent, D.A., J.A. Perper,
Page 155 and 156:
References——— (1995). The Pro
Page 157 and 158:
ReferencesDevereux, G. (1961). Moha
Page 159 and 160:
References——— (2005b). In wha
Page 161 and 162:
ReferencesGardiner, H. and B. Gaida
Page 163 and 164:
ReferencesGuo, B. and C. Harstall (
Page 165 and 166:
ReferencesHoberman, H.M. and B.D. G
Page 167 and 168:
ReferencesJong, M. (2004). Managing
Page 169 and 170:
ReferencesKouri, R. (2003). Persona
Page 171 and 172:
References——— (1997). Suicide
Page 173 and 174:
ReferencesMatheson, L. (1996). The
Page 175 and 176:
ReferencesNeimeyer, R.A., B. Fortne
Page 177 and 178:
ReferencesPirkis, J.E., C.E. Irwin,
Page 179 and 180:
ReferencesRutz, W. (2001). Preventi
Page 181 and 182:
References——— (1992). Marriag
Page 183 and 184:
ReferencesTrimble, J. and B. Medici
Page 185 and 186:
ReferencesWebb, J.P. and W. Willard
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