C# Language Specification - Willy .Net

Table of Contents18.3.5 Boxing and unboxing.................................................................................................................. 27018.3.6 Meaning of this ....................................................................................................................... 27018.3.7 Field initializers .......................................................................................................................... 27018.3.8 Constructors................................................................................................................................ 27018.3.9 Destructors.................................................................................................................................. 27118.3.10 Static constructors..................................................................................................................... 27118.4 Struct examples ....................................................................................................................................... 27118.4.1 Database integer type.................................................................................................................. 27218.4.2 Database boolean type ................................................................................................................ 27319. Arrays........................................................................................................................................................... 27519.1 Array types .............................................................................................................................................. 27519.1.1 The System.Array type......................................................................................................... 27619.2 Array creation.......................................................................................................................................... 27619.3 Array element access............................................................................................................................... 27619.4 Array members ........................................................................................................................................ 27619.5 Array covariance ..................................................................................................................................... 27619.6 Array initializers...................................................................................................................................... 27720. Interfaces...................................................................................................................................................... 27920.1 Interface declarations............................................................................................................................... 27920.1.1 Interface modifiers...................................................................................................................... 27920.1.2 Base interfaces ............................................................................................................................ 27920.1.3 Interface body ............................................................................................................................. 28020.2 Interface members ................................................................................................................................... 28020.2.1 Interface methods........................................................................................................................ 28120.2.2 Interface properties ..................................................................................................................... 28120.2.3 Interface events ........................................................................................................................... 28220.2.4 Interface indexers........................................................................................................................ 28220.2.5 Interface member access............................................................................................................. 28220.3 Fully qualified interface member names ................................................................................................. 28320.4 Interface implementations ....................................................................................................................... 28420.4.1 Explicit interface member implementations ............................................................................... 28520.4.2 Interface mapping ....................................................................................................................... 28620.4.3 Interface implementation inheritance.......................................................................................... 28920.4.4 Interface re-implementation........................................................................................................ 29020.4.5 Abstract classes and interfaces.................................................................................................... 29121. Enums........................................................................................................................................................... 29321.1 Enum declarations ................................................................................................................................... 29321.2 Enum modifiers ....................................................................................................................................... 29321.3 Enum members........................................................................................................................................ 29421.4 Enum values and operations.................................................................................................................... 29622. Delegates....................................................................................................................................................... 29722.1 Delegate declarations............................................................................................................................... 29722.2 Delegate instantiation .............................................................................................................................. 29922.3 Delegate invocation ................................................................................................................................. 29923. Exceptions .................................................................................................................................................... 30323.1 Causes of exceptions ............................................................................................................................... 30323.2 The System.Exception class........................................................................................................... 30323.3 How exceptions are handled.................................................................................................................... 30323.4 Common Exception Classes .................................................................................................................... 30424. Attributes ..................................................................................................................................................... 305xi