C# Language Specification - Willy .Net

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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}}using (TextReader r = File.OpenText("log.txt")) {string s;while ((s = r.ReadLine()) != null) {Console.WriteLine(s);}}Since the TextWriter and TextReader classes implement the IDisposable interface, the example canuse using statements to ensure that the underlying file is properly closed following the write or readoperations. end example]200
Chapter 16 Namespaces16. NamespacesC# programs are organized using namespaces. Namespaces are used both as an “internal” organizationsystem for a program, and as an “external” organization system—a way of presenting program elements thatare exposed to other programs.Using-directives (§16.3) are provided to facilitate the use of namespaces.16.1 Compilation unitsA compilation-unit defines the overall structure of a source file. A compilation unit consists of zero or moreusing-directives followed by zero or more global-attributes followed by zero or more namespace-memberdeclarations.compilation-unit:using-directives opt global-attributes opt namespace-member-declarations optA C# program consists of one or more compilation units, each contained in a separate source file. When aC# program is compiled, all of the compilation units are processed together. Thus, compilation units candepend on each other, possibly in a circular fashion.The using-directives of a compilation unit affect the global-attributes and namespace-member-declarationsof that compilation unit, but have no effect on other compilation units.The global-attributes (§24) of a compilation unit permit the specification of attributes for the targetassembly. Assemblies act as physical containers for types.The namespace-member-declarations of each compilation unit of a program contribute members to a singledeclaration space called the global namespace. [Example: For example:File A.cs:class A {}File B.cs:class B {}The two compilation units contribute to the single global namespace, in this case declaring two classes withthe fully qualified names A and B. Because the two compilation units contribute to the same declarationspace, it would have been an error if each contained a declaration of a member with the same name. endexample]16.2 Namespace declarationsA namespace-declaration consists of the keyword namespace, followed by a namespace name and body,optionally followed by a semicolon.namespace-declaration:namespace qualified-identifier namespace-body ; optqualified-identifier:identifierqualified-identifier . identifiernamespace-body:{ using-directives opt namespace-member-declarations opt }201
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Standard ECMA-3342nd edition - Dece
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Brief historyThis International Sta
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION9.3.3 Whit
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Table of Contents18.3.5 Boxing and
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Table of ContentsA.2.12 Attributes.
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Chapter 1 Scope1. ScopeThis clause
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONA conformi
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Chapter 4 Definitions4. Definitions
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Chapter 5 Notational conventions5.
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Chapter 7 General description7. Gen
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The pr
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONresults in
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION8.2.3 Arra
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass Test
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpre: x = 1
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public vo
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONPrecedence
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONdo stateme
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}}set {MyF
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public st
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONButton b =
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass Test
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe exampl
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONstructs ar
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONAn interes
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe next s
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION// Author
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Chapter 9 Lexical structure9. Lexic
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Chapter 9 Lexical structure9.3.2 Co
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Chapter 9 Lexical structureclass Cl
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Chapter 9 Lexical structurekeyword:
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Chapter 9 Lexical structurereal-typ
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Chapter 9 Lexical structureverbatim
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Chapter 9 Lexical structure#if Bvoi
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Chapter 9 Lexical structure#define
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Chapter 9 Lexical structureclass He
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Chapter 10 Basic concepts10. Basic
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Chapter 10 Basic concepts• Each b
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Chapter 10 Basic concepts• The me
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Chapter 10 Basic concepts• If the
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Chapter 10 Basic concepts10.5.3 Pro
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Chapter 10 Basic conceptsdeclared i
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Chapter 10 Basic conceptsIn the F m
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Chapter 10 Basic conceptsclass Deri
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Chapter 10 Basic conceptsnamespace
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Chapter 10 Basic concepts}}// A and
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONfloating-p
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The by
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION11.1.6 The
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION11.2.4 Int
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Chapter 12 Variables12. VariablesVa
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Chapter 12 Variables• Following t
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Chapter 12 Variables• Static vari
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Chapter 12 Variables12.3.3.6 Switch
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Chapter 12 Variables• The definit
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Chapter 12 Variablesassignment expr
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Chapter 12 Variableso Otherwise, if
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Chapter 13 Conversions13. Conversio
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Chapter 13 Conversions• A constan
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Chapter 13 Conversions13.2.2 Explic
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Chapter 13 Conversions13.4.2 Evalua
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Chapter 13 Conversionsthen the conv
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION14.1.1 Val
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe overlo
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONWhen overl
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION14.4 Funct
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONConstruct
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONWhen a fun
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• If T 2
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONobject o =
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION14.5.4 Mem
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe primar
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The va
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONUnary oper
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONnonnegativ
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Chapter 17 ClassesAn event declarat
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Chapter 17 Classes}public BitArray(
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Chapter 17 Classesbinary-operator-d
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Chapter 17 ClassesA conversion oper
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Chapter 17 Classes17.10.1 Construct
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Chapter 17 Classesclass A{int x, y,
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Chapter 17 ClassesThe identifier of
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Chapter 17 Classesisusing System;cl
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONInterface
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public Ke
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION18.4.1 Dat
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION19.1.1 The
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONint[,] b =
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONIt is a co
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION20.2.3 Int
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONinterface
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONparticular
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONIf a class
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass Text
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONabstract c
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONenum-modif
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONEnum membe
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONdelegate i
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONusing Syst
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Chapter 23 Exceptions23. Exceptions
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Chapter 24 Attributes24. Attributes
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Chapter 24 Attributesend example][H
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Chapter 24 Attributesaffirm the def
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Chapter 24 Attributesusing System;[
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Chapter 24 Attributesusing System;u
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Chapter 24 Attributes[Example: In t
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONinterface-
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONunmanaged-
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The st
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION25.5.1 Poi
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONcompile-ti
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe result
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe third
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION[Example:
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe exampl
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONinput-char
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONA.1.8 Lite
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONA.1.10 Pre
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION342type-na
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONmember-acc
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONassignment
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONwhile-stat
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONA.2.6 Clas
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONmember-nam
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONoperator-m
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONrank-speci
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONA.2.12 Att
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONfixed-poin
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION10. The re
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONType Case
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION[Flags]pub
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONSystem.Win
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION{}public A
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}// Namesp
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public ov
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpublic sta
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION{}public D
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public ab
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpublic sea
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}protected
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}comparand
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public No
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION// Namespa
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public vi
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION// Namespa
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public vi
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpublic Str
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public ov
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION{}public c
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public bo
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}Enclosing
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public Ve
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONAlthough d
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpublic cla
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION/// This c
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONE.2.14 Thi
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION"T:Color""
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONnamespace
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}if (GetTy
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThis metho
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION< 163> ...
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONevent.....
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONdestructor
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONinvocation
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONextensions
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONdeclaratio
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONNaN ......
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONshift ....
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpunctuator
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONstring as.
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONvolatile .
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