C# Language Specification - Willy .Net

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<strong>C#</strong> LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION9.3.3 White space..................................................................................................................................... 549.4 Tokens ......................................................................................................................................................... 549.4.1 Unicode escape sequences .............................................................................................................. 549.4.2 Identifiers........................................................................................................................................ 559.4.3 Keywords........................................................................................................................................ 569.4.4 Literals ............................................................................................................................................ 579.4.5 Operators and punctuators .............................................................................................................. 629.5 Pre-processing directives............................................................................................................................. 629.5.1 Conditional compilation symbols ................................................................................................... 639.5.2 Pre-processing expressions ............................................................................................................. 639.5.3 Declaration directives ..................................................................................................................... 649.5.4 Conditional compilation directives................................................................................................. 659.5.5 Diagnostic directives....................................................................................................................... 679.5.6 Region control................................................................................................................................. 679.5.7 Line directives................................................................................................................................. 6810. Basic concepts................................................................................................................................................ 6910.1 Application startup .................................................................................................................................... 6910.2 Application termination............................................................................................................................. 6910.3 Declarations............................................................................................................................................... 7010.4 Members.................................................................................................................................................... 7210.4.1 Namespace members .................................................................................................................... 7210.4.2 Struct members ............................................................................................................................. 7210.4.3 Enumeration members .................................................................................................................. 7310.4.4 Class members .............................................................................................................................. 7310.4.5 Interface members......................................................................................................................... 7310.4.6 Array members ............................................................................................................................. 7310.4.7 Delegate members......................................................................................................................... 7310.5 Member access .......................................................................................................................................... 7310.5.1 Declared accessibility ................................................................................................................... 7410.5.2 Accessibility domains ................................................................................................................... 7410.5.3 Protected access for instance members......................................................................................... 7710.5.4 Accessibility constraints ............................................................................................................... 7710.6 Signatures and overloading ....................................................................................................................... 7810.7 Scopes........................................................................................................................................................ 7910.7.1 Name hiding.................................................................................................................................. 8110.8 Namespace and type names....................................................................................................................... 8310.8.1 Fully qualified names.................................................................................................................... 8410.9 Automatic memory management............................................................................................................... 8510.10 Execution order ....................................................................................................................................... 8711. Types .............................................................................................................................................................. 8911.1 Value types ................................................................................................................................................ 8911.1.1 Default constructors...................................................................................................................... 9011.1.2 Struct types ................................................................................................................................... 9011.1.3 Simple types.................................................................................................................................. 9111.1.4 Integral types................................................................................................................................. 9111.1.5 Floating point types....................................................................................................................... 9211.1.6 The decimal type....................................................................................................................... 9411.1.7 The bool type.............................................................................................................................. 9411.1.8 Enumeration types ........................................................................................................................ 9411.2 Reference types ......................................................................................................................................... 9411.2.1 Class types .................................................................................................................................... 9511.2.2 The object type......................................................................................................................... 9511.2.3 The string type......................................................................................................................... 95vi
Page 1: Standard ECMA-3342nd edition - Dece
Page 5: Brief historyThis International Sta
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Page 19 and 20: Chapter 2 Conformance2. Conformance
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Chapter 8 Language Overview// Autho
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Chapter 8 Language Overview}public
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION9.3 Lexica
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONasterisks:
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONconnecting
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONdecimal-di
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONEscapesequ
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION9.4.5 Oper
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpp-primary
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The pp
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpp-start-r
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONIf the ret
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}end note]
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION10.5.1 Dec
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONinternal c
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The re
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The sc
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONWhen a nam
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• If the
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass B{ob
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Chapter 11 Types11. TypesThe types
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Chapter 11 Types11.1.3 Simple types
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Chapter 11 Types• Positive zero a
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Chapter 11 Typesreference-type:clas
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Chapter 11 TypesBoxing classes like
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION12.1.2.2 I
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION[Note: Ini
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The de
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION12.3.3.10
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}}end exam
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The de
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION12.4 Varia
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• From u
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• From d
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONcopying th
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONencompassi
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Chapter 14 Expressions14. Expressio
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Chapter 14 ExpressionsSection Categ
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Chapter 14 Expressionsset of candid
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Chapter 14 Expressionsa compile-tim
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Chapter 14 ExpressionsConstruct Exa
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Chapter 14 Expressions• For a val
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Chapter 14 Expressionsfor a value p
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Chapter 14 Expressions• If the co
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Chapter 14 Expressionsenclosing blo
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Chapter 14 Expressions• Otherwise
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Chapter 14 Expressions14.5.5.2 Dele
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Chapter 14 Expressions• When this
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Chapter 14 ExpressionsThe optional
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Chapter 14 Expressionsint[,] = new
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Chapter 14 Expressions[Example: The
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Chapter 14 Expressionsclass Test{st
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Chapter 14 Expressions14.6.5 Prefix
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Chapter 14 ExpressionsThe product i
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Chapter 14 Expressions+y -y +0 -0 +
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Chapter 14 Expressionsthe result of
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Chapter 14 ExpressionsWhen declarin
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Chapter 14 Expressions14.9.2 Floati
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Chapter 14 Expressionsusing System;
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Chapter 14 ExpressionsOtherwise, le
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Chapter 14 Expressions• The opera
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Chapter 14 ExpressionsIf the left o
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Chapter 14 ExpressionsThe second ru
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Chapter 15 Statements15. Statements
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Chapter 15 Statements15.2 BlocksA b
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Chapter 15 Statementslocal-variable
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Chapter 15 Statementsif (x) {if (y)
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Chapter 15 Statementsswitch (i) {ca
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Chapter 15 Statementswhile-statemen
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Chapter 15 StatementsThe type and i
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Chapter 15 Statementsusing System;c
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Chapter 15 Statements}Console.Write
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Chapter 15 Statements15.10 The try
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Chapter 15 Statementsconsidered a m
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Chapter 15 StatementsLocal variable
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Chapter 16 Namespaces16. Namespaces
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Chapter 16 Namespacesusing-directiv
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Chapter 16 Namespacesthe last using
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Chapter 16 Namespaces16.4 Namespace
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• An abs
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION17.2 Class
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION17.2.4 Con
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION17.2.6.3 H
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONdeclaratio
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe value
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONand instan
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}static vo
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass B{pu
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• If the
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONIn a metho
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONusing Syst
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass B: A
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass B: A
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONproperty-m
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public st
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONHad x and
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONX is a vir
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}void Canc
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION[Example:
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe type o
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe true a
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION17.10 Inst
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}end examp
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Chapter 18 Structs18. StructsStruct
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Chapter 18 StructsPoint a = new Poi
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Chapter 18 Structsstruct Point{int
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Chapter 18 Structs}public static DB
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Chapter 19 Arrays19. ArraysAn array
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Chapter 19 ArraysThe assignment to
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Chapter 20 Interfaces20. Interfaces
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Chapter 20 Interfaces}string this[i
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Chapter 20 Interfacesinterface IInt
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Chapter 20 InterfacesHere, class Te
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Chapter 20 Interfaces• If S conta
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Chapter 20 Interfacesinterface Inte
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Chapter 20 InterfacesInherited publ
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Chapter 21 Enums21. EnumsAn enum ty
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Chapter 21 Enums[Example: The examp
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Chapter 22 Delegates22. Delegates[N
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Chapter 22 Delegates22.2 Delegate i
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Chapter 22 Delegatesend example]Tes
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONthe run-ti
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONattribute-
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION[X]class C
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONLet Name b
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION// Begin c
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Chapter 25 Unsafe code25. Unsafe co
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Chapter 25 Unsafe codethe unsafe mo
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Chapter 25 Unsafe codeA pointer-typ
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Chapter 25 Unsafe codecorrectly ali
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Chapter 25 Unsafe codeend example]u
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Chapter 25 Unsafe codeT* operator -
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Chapter 25 Unsafe codedeclaration,
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Chapter 25 Unsafe codeclass Test{un
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Chapter 25 Unsafe code}public stati
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Appendix A GrammarA. GrammarThis cl
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Appendix A Grammaridentifier-or-key
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Appendix A Grammarcharacter::single
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Appendix A Grammarpp-endif::whitesp
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Appendix A Grammararray-type:non-ar
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Appendix A Grammarpre-decrement-exp
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Appendix A Grammarlocal-variable-in
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Appendix A Grammarspecific-catch-cl
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Appendix A Grammarconstant-declarat
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Appendix A Grammaraccessor-body:blo
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Appendix A Grammarstatic-constructo
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Appendix A Grammarinterface-accesso
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Appendix A Grammarnamed-argument-li
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Appendix B Portability issuesB. Por
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Appendix C Naming guidelinesC. Nami
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Appendix C Naming guidelines• Do
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Appendix C Naming guidelinespublic
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Appendix D Standard LibraryD. Stand
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Appendix D Standard Librarypublic o
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Appendix D Standard Library}public
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Appendix D Standard Library// Names
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Appendix D Standard Librarypublic s
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Appendix D Standard Librarypublic s
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Appendix D Standard Librarypublic D
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Appendix D Standard Library}Open =
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Appendix D Standard Library{}public
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Appendix D Standard Library{}public
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Appendix D Standard Library}Current
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Appendix D Standard Libraryprotecte
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Appendix E Documentation CommentsE.
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Appendix E Documentation CommentsEx
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Appendix E Documentation CommentsE.
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Appendix E Documentation CommentsEx
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Appendix E Documentation CommentsCh
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Appendix E Documentation Comments
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Appendix E Documentation Comments//
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Appendix E Documentation CommentsPo
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Appendix F IndexF. IndexThis clause
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Appendix F Indexmethod call .......
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Appendix F Indexform feed..........
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Appendix F Indexbetter ............
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Appendix F Indexescape sequencealer
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Appendix F Indexconversion to......
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Appendix F Indexmember lookup .....
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Appendix F Index^ See ^^= .........
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Appendix F Indexincrementing a.....
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Appendix F Indexbreak .............
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Appendix F Indextrue...............
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Appendix F Indexiteration .........
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