C# Language Specification - Willy .Net

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Chapter 17 Classes17. ClassesA class is a data structure that may contain data members (constants and fields), function members (methods,properties, events, indexers, operators, instance constructors, destructors, and static constructors), and nestedtypes. Class types support inheritance, a mechanism whereby a derived class can extend and specialize a baseclass.17.1 Class declarationsA class-declaration is a type-declaration (§16.5) that declares a new class.class-declaration:attributes opt class-modifiers opt class identifier class-base opt class-body ; optA class-declaration consists of an optional set of attributes (§24), followed by an optional set of class-modifiers(§17.1.1), followed by the keyword class and an identifier that names the class, followed by an optional classbasespecification (§17.1.2), followed by a class-body (§17.1.3), optionally followed by a semicolon.17.1.1 Class modifiersA class-declaration may optionally include a sequence of class modifiers:class-modifiers:class-modifierclass-modifiers class-modifierclass-modifier:newpublicprotectedinternalprivateabstractsealedIt is a compile-time error for the same modifier to appear multiple times in a class declaration.The new modifier is permitted on nested classes. It specifies that the class hides an inherited member by the samename, as described in §10.2.2. It is a compile-time error for the new modifier to appear on a class declaration thatis not a nested class declaration.The public, protected, internal, and private modifiers control the accessibility of the class. Dependingon the context in which the class declaration occurs, some of these modifiers may not be permitted (§10.5.1).The abstract and sealed modifiers are discussed in the following sections.17.1.1.1 Abstract classesThe abstract modifier is used to indicate that a class is incomplete and that it is intended to be used only as abase class. An abstract class differs from a non-abstract class in the following ways:• An abstract class cannot be instantiated directly, and it is a compile-time error to use the new operator on anabstract class. While it is possible to have variables and values whose compile-time types are abstract, suchvariables and values will necessarily either be null or contain references to instances of non-abstract classesderived from the abstract types.• An abstract class is permitted (but not required) to contain abstract members.209
Page 1:
Standard ECMA-3342nd edition - Dece
Page 5:
Brief historyThis International Sta
Page 8:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION9.3.3 Whit
Page 13 and 14:
Table of Contents18.3.5 Boxing and
Page 15 and 16:
Table of ContentsA.2.12 Attributes.
Page 17:
Chapter 1 Scope1. ScopeThis clause
Page 20 and 21:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONA conformi
Page 23 and 24:
Chapter 4 Definitions4. Definitions
Page 25 and 26:
Chapter 5 Notational conventions5.
Page 29:
Chapter 7 General description7. Gen
Page 32 and 33:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The pr
Page 34 and 35:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONresults in
Page 36 and 37:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION8.2.3 Arra
Page 38 and 39:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass Test
Page 40 and 41:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpre: x = 1
Page 42 and 43:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public vo
Page 44 and 45:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONPrecedence
Page 46 and 47:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONdo stateme
Page 48 and 49:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}}set {MyF
Page 50 and 51:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public st
Page 52 and 53:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONButton b =
Page 54 and 55:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass Test
Page 56 and 57:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe exampl
Page 58 and 59:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONstructs ar
Page 60 and 61:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONAn interes
Page 62 and 63:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe next s
Page 64 and 65:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION// Author
Page 67 and 68:
Chapter 9 Lexical structure9. Lexic
Page 69 and 70:
Chapter 9 Lexical structure9.3.2 Co
Page 71 and 72:
Chapter 9 Lexical structureclass Cl
Page 73 and 74:
Chapter 9 Lexical structurekeyword:
Page 75 and 76:
Chapter 9 Lexical structurereal-typ
Page 77 and 78:
Chapter 9 Lexical structureverbatim
Page 79 and 80:
Chapter 9 Lexical structure#if Bvoi
Page 81 and 82:
Chapter 9 Lexical structure#define
Page 83 and 84:
Chapter 9 Lexical structureclass He
Page 85 and 86:
Chapter 10 Basic concepts10. Basic
Page 87 and 88:
Chapter 10 Basic concepts• Each b
Page 89 and 90:
Chapter 10 Basic concepts• The me
Page 91 and 92:
Chapter 10 Basic concepts• If the
Page 93 and 94:
Chapter 10 Basic concepts10.5.3 Pro
Page 95 and 96:
Chapter 10 Basic conceptsdeclared i
Page 97 and 98:
Chapter 10 Basic conceptsIn the F m
Page 99 and 100:
Chapter 10 Basic conceptsclass Deri
Page 101 and 102:
Chapter 10 Basic conceptsnamespace
Page 103:
Chapter 10 Basic concepts}}// A and
Page 106 and 107:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONfloating-p
Page 108 and 109:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The by
Page 110 and 111:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION11.1.6 The
Page 112 and 113:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION11.2.4 Int
Page 115 and 116:
Chapter 12 Variables12. VariablesVa
Page 117 and 118:
Chapter 12 Variables• Following t
Page 119 and 120:
Chapter 12 Variables• Static vari
Page 121 and 122:
Chapter 12 Variables12.3.3.6 Switch
Page 123 and 124:
Chapter 12 Variables• The definit
Page 125 and 126:
Chapter 12 Variablesassignment expr
Page 127 and 128:
Chapter 12 Variableso Otherwise, if
Page 129 and 130:
Chapter 13 Conversions13. Conversio
Page 131 and 132:
Chapter 13 Conversions• A constan
Page 133 and 134:
Chapter 13 Conversions13.2.2 Explic
Page 135 and 136:
Chapter 13 Conversions13.4.2 Evalua
Page 137:
Chapter 13 Conversionsthen the conv
Page 140 and 141:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION14.1.1 Val
Page 142 and 143:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe overlo
Page 144 and 145:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONWhen overl
Page 146 and 147:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION14.4 Funct
Page 148 and 149:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONConstruct
Page 150 and 151:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONWhen a fun
Page 152 and 153:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• If T 2
Page 154 and 155:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONobject o =
Page 156 and 157:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION14.5.4 Mem
Page 158 and 159:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe primar
Page 160 and 161:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The va
Page 162 and 163:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONUnary oper
Page 164 and 165:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONnonnegativ
Page 166 and 167:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe new de
Page 168 and 169:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONFor non-co
Page 170 and 171:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION14.6.2 Una
Page 172 and 173:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe gramma
Page 174 and 175: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONand y are
Page 176 and 177: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONy +0 -0 +
Page 178 and 179: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONE operator
Page 180 and 181: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONequality-e
Page 182 and 183: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe result
Page 184 and 185: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• If eit
Page 186 and 187: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONwords, the
Page 188 and 189: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• If X a
Page 190 and 191: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public in
Page 192 and 193: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• Parent
Page 194 and 195: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONthe second
Page 196 and 197: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONvoid Proce
Page 198 and 199: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe type a
Page 200 and 201: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONenclosed i
Page 202 and 203: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONvoid DoCom
Page 204 and 205: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONfor-initia
Page 206 and 207: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONIEnumerato
Page 208 and 209: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION15.9.2 The
Page 210 and 211: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• If the
Page 212 and 213: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONWithin a c
Page 214 and 215: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION15.12 The
Page 216 and 217: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}}using (T
Page 218 and 219: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONA namespac
Page 220 and 221: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONAbove, N3
Page 222 and 223: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONthe using-
Page 226 and 227: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• An abs
Page 228 and 229: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION17.2 Class
Page 230 and 231: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION17.2.4 Con
Page 232 and 233: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION17.2.6.3 H
Page 234 and 235: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONdeclaratio
Page 236 and 237: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe value
Page 238 and 239: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONand instan
Page 240 and 241: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}static vo
Page 242 and 243: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass B{pu
Page 244 and 245: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• If the
Page 246 and 247: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONIn a metho
Page 248 and 249: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONusing Syst
Page 252 and 253: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass B: A
Page 254 and 255: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass B: A
Page 256 and 257: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONproperty-m
Page 258 and 259: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public st
Page 260 and 261: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONHad x and
Page 262 and 263: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONX is a vir
Page 264 and 265: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}void Canc
Page 266 and 267: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION[Example:
Page 268 and 269: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe type o
Page 272 and 273: C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe true a
Page 274 and 275:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION17.10 Inst
Page 276 and 277:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONusing Syst
Page 278 and 279:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}end examp
Page 280 and 281:
Page 283 and 284:
Chapter 18 Structs18. StructsStruct
Page 285 and 286:
Chapter 18 StructsPoint a = new Poi
Page 287 and 288:
Chapter 18 Structsstruct Point{int
Page 289 and 290:
Chapter 18 Structs}public static DB
Page 291 and 292:
Chapter 19 Arrays19. ArraysAn array
Page 293 and 294:
Chapter 19 ArraysThe assignment to
Page 295 and 296:
Chapter 20 Interfaces20. Interfaces
Page 297 and 298:
Chapter 20 Interfaces}string this[i
Page 299 and 300:
Chapter 20 Interfacesinterface IInt
Page 301 and 302:
Chapter 20 InterfacesHere, class Te
Page 303 and 304:
Chapter 20 Interfaces• If S conta
Page 305 and 306:
Chapter 20 Interfacesinterface Inte
Page 307 and 308:
Chapter 20 InterfacesInherited publ
Page 309 and 310:
Chapter 21 Enums21. EnumsAn enum ty
Page 311 and 312:
Chapter 21 Enums[Example: The examp
Page 313 and 314:
Chapter 22 Delegates22. Delegates[N
Page 315 and 316:
Chapter 22 Delegates22.2 Delegate i
Page 317:
Chapter 22 Delegatesend example]Tes
Page 320 and 321:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONthe run-ti
Page 322 and 323:
Page 324 and 325:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONattribute-
Page 326 and 327:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION[X]class C
Page 328 and 329:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONLet Name b
Page 330 and 331:
C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION// Begin c
Page 333 and 334:
Chapter 25 Unsafe code25. Unsafe co
Page 335 and 336:
Chapter 25 Unsafe codethe unsafe mo
Page 337 and 338:
Chapter 25 Unsafe codeA pointer-typ
Page 339 and 340:
Chapter 25 Unsafe codecorrectly ali
Page 341 and 342:
Chapter 25 Unsafe codeend example]u
Page 343 and 344:
Chapter 25 Unsafe codeT* operator -
Page 345 and 346:
Chapter 25 Unsafe codedeclaration,
Page 347 and 348:
Chapter 25 Unsafe codeclass Test{un
Page 349 and 350:
Chapter 25 Unsafe code}public stati
Page 351 and 352:
Appendix A GrammarA. GrammarThis cl
Page 353 and 354:
Appendix A Grammaridentifier-or-key
Page 355 and 356:
Appendix A Grammarcharacter::single
Page 357 and 358:
Appendix A Grammarpp-endif::whitesp
Page 359 and 360:
Appendix A Grammararray-type:non-ar
Page 361 and 362:
Appendix A Grammarpre-decrement-exp
Page 363 and 364:
Appendix A Grammarlocal-variable-in
Page 365 and 366:
Appendix A Grammarspecific-catch-cl
Page 367 and 368:
Appendix A Grammarconstant-declarat
Page 369 and 370:
Appendix A Grammaraccessor-body:blo
Page 371 and 372:
Appendix A Grammarstatic-constructo
Page 373 and 374:
Appendix A Grammarinterface-accesso
Page 375 and 376:
Appendix A Grammarnamed-argument-li
Page 377 and 378:
Appendix B Portability issuesB. Por
Page 379 and 380:
Appendix C Naming guidelinesC. Nami
Page 381 and 382:
Appendix C Naming guidelines• Do
Page 383 and 384:
Appendix C Naming guidelinespublic
Page 385 and 386:
Appendix D Standard LibraryD. Stand
Page 387 and 388:
Appendix D Standard Librarypublic o
Page 389 and 390:
Appendix D Standard Library}public
Page 391 and 392:
Appendix D Standard Library// Names
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Appendix D Standard Librarypublic s
Page 399 and 400:
Appendix D Standard Librarypublic s
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Appendix D Standard Librarypublic D
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Appendix D Standard Library}Open =
Page 415 and 416:
Appendix D Standard Library{}public
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Appendix D Standard Library{}public
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Appendix D Standard Library}Current
Page 433 and 434:
Page 435 and 436:
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Appendix D Standard Libraryprotecte
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Appendix E Documentation CommentsE.
Page 451 and 452:
Appendix E Documentation CommentsEx
Page 453 and 454:
Appendix E Documentation CommentsE.
Page 455 and 456:
Appendix E Documentation CommentsEx
Page 457 and 458:
Appendix E Documentation CommentsCh
Page 459 and 460:
Appendix E Documentation Comments
Page 461 and 462:
Appendix E Documentation Comments//
Page 463 and 464:
Appendix E Documentation CommentsPo
Page 465 and 466:
Appendix F IndexF. IndexThis clause
Page 467 and 468:
Appendix F Indexmethod call .......
Page 469 and 470:
Appendix F Indexform feed..........
Page 471 and 472:
Appendix F Indexbetter ............
Page 473 and 474:
Appendix F Indexescape sequencealer
Page 475 and 476:
Appendix F Indexconversion to......
Page 477 and 478:
Appendix F Indexmember lookup .....
Page 479 and 480:
Appendix F Index^ See ^^= .........
Page 481 and 482:
Appendix F Indexincrementing a.....
Page 483 and 484:
Appendix F Indexbreak .............
Page 485 and 486:
Appendix F Indextrue...............
Page 487:
Appendix F Indexiteration .........
Page 490:
ECMA114 Rue du RhôneCH-1204 Geneva
show all

C# Language Specification - Willy .Net

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?