C# Language Specification - Willy .Net

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<strong>C#</strong> LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONasterisks::*asterisks *not-asterisk::Any Unicode character except *not-slash::Any Unicode character except /Comments do not nest. The character sequences /* and */ have no special meaning within a single-linecomment, and the character sequences // and /* have no special meaning within a delimited comment.Comments are not processed within character and string literals.9.3.3 White spaceWhite space is defined as any character with Unicode class Zs (which includes the space character) as well as thehorizontal tab character, the vertical tab character, and the form feed character.whitespace::Any character with Unicode class ZsHorizontal tab character (U+0009)Vertical tab character (U+000B)Form feed character (U+000C)9.4 TokensThere are several kinds of tokens: identifiers, keywords, literals, operators, and punctuators. White space andcomments are not tokens, though they act as separators for tokens.token::identifierkeywordinteger-literalreal-literalcharacter-literalstring-literaloperator-or-punctuator9.4.1 Unicode escape sequencesA Unicode escape sequence represents a Unicode character. Unicode escape sequences are processed inidentifiers (§9.4.2), regular string literals (§9.4.4.5), and character literals (§9.4.4.4). A Unicode character escapeis not processed in any other location (for example, to form an operator, punctuator, or keyword).unicode-escape-sequence::\u hex-digit hex-digit hex-digit hex-digit\U hex-digit hex-digit hex-digit hex-digit hex-digit hex-digit hex-digit hex-digitA Unicode escape sequence represents the single Unicode character formed by the hexadecimal numberfollowing the “\u” or “\U” characters. Since <strong>C#</strong> uses a 16-bit encoding of Unicode characters in characters andstring values, a Unicode code point in the range U+10000 to U+10FFFF is represented using two Unicodesurrogate code units. Unicode code points above 0x10FFFF are invalid and are not supported.Multiple translations are not performed. For instance, the string literal “\u005Cu005C” is equivalent to“\u005C” rather than “\”. [Note: The Unicode value \u005C is the character “\”. end note][Example: The example54
Chapter 9 Lexical structureclass Class1{static void Test(bool \u0066) {char c = '\u0066';if (\u0066)System.Console.WriteLine(c.ToString());}}shows several uses of \u0066, which is the escape sequence for the letter “f”. The program is equivalent toclass Class1{static void Test(bool f) {char c = 'f';if (f)System.Console.WriteLine(c.ToString());}}end example]9.4.2 IdentifiersThe rules for identifiers given in this section correspond exactly to those recommended by the Unicode StandardAnnex 15 except that underscore is allowed as an initial character (as is traditional in the C programminglanguage), Unicode escape sequences are permitted in identifiers, and the “@” character is allowed as a prefix toenable keywords to be used as identifiers.identifier::available-identifier@ identifier-or-keywordavailable-identifier::An identifier-or-keyword that is not a keywordidentifier-or-keyword::identifier-start-character identifier-part-characters optidentifier-start-character::letter-character_ (the underscore character U+005F)identifier-part-characters::identifier-part-characteridentifier-part-characters identifier-part-characteridentifier-part-character::letter-characterdecimal-digit-characterconnecting-charactercombining-characterformatting-characterletter-character::A Unicode character of classes Lu, Ll, Lt, Lm, Lo, or NlA unicode-escape-sequence representing a character of classes Lu, Ll, Lt, Lm, Lo, or Nlcombining-character::A Unicode character of classes Mn or McA unicode-escape-sequence representing a character of classes Mn or Mcdecimal-digit-character::A Unicode character of the class NdA unicode-escape-sequence representing a character of the class Nd55
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Standard ECMA-3342nd edition - Dece
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Brief historyThis International Sta
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION9.3.3 Whit
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Table of Contents18.3.5 Boxing and
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Table of ContentsA.2.12 Attributes.
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Chapter 1 Scope1. ScopeThis clause
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Chapter 12 Variables12.3.3.6 Switch
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Chapter 12 Variables• The definit
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Chapter 12 Variablesassignment expr
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Chapter 12 Variableso Otherwise, if
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Chapter 13 Conversions13. Conversio
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Chapter 13 Conversions• A constan
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Chapter 13 Conversions13.2.2 Explic
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Chapter 13 Conversions13.4.2 Evalua
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Chapter 13 Conversionsthen the conv
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION14.1.1 Val
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe overlo
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONWhen overl
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION14.4 Funct
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONConstruct
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONWhen a fun
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• If T 2
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONobject o =
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION14.5.4 Mem
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe primar
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The va
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONUnary oper
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONnonnegativ
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe new de
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONFor non-co
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION14.6.2 Una
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe gramma
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONand y are
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONy +0 -0 +
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONE operator
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONequality-e
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe result
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• If eit
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONwords, the
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• If X a
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public in
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• Parent
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONthe second
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONvoid Proce
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe type a
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONenclosed i
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONvoid DoCom
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONfor-initia
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONIEnumerato
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION15.9.2 The
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• If the
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONWithin a c
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION15.12 The
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}}using (T
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONA namespac
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONAbove, N3
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONthe using-
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Chapter 17 Classes17. ClassesA clas
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Chapter 17 ClassesThe direct base c
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Chapter 17 Classesthe same class, a
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Chapter 17 Classes(§14.5.4), insta
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Chapter 17 Classesshows this techni
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Chapter 17 Classes17.2.7.2 Member N
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Chapter 17 Classesfield-modifier:ne
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Chapter 17 Classesusing System;name
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Chapter 17 Classes}static void Main
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Chapter 17 Classesthe variable init
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Chapter 17 ClassesA method invocati
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Chapter 17 Classes17.5.1.4 Paramete
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Chapter 17 ClassesSystem.Int32 Syst
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Chapter 17 Classesclass Test{static
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Chapter 17 Classes}public virtual v
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Chapter 17 Classes17.5.8 Method bod
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Chapter 17 Classesaccessor-declarat
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Chapter 17 Classesthe P property in
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Chapter 17 ClassesThe Console class
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Chapter 17 Classesremove-accessor-d
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Chapter 17 Classes}public event D E
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Chapter 17 ClassesAn event declarat
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Chapter 17 Classes}public BitArray(
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Chapter 17 Classesbinary-operator-d
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Chapter 17 ClassesA conversion oper
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Chapter 17 Classes17.10.1 Construct
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Chapter 17 Classesclass A{int x, y,
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Chapter 17 ClassesThe identifier of
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Chapter 17 Classesisusing System;cl
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONInterface
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public Ke
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION18.4.1 Dat
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public st
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION19.1.1 The
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONint[,] b =
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONIt is a co
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION20.2.3 Int
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONinterface
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONparticular
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONIf a class
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONclass Text
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONabstract c
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONenum-modif
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONEnum membe
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONdelegate i
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONusing Syst
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Chapter 23 Exceptions23. Exceptions
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Chapter 24 Attributes24. Attributes
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Chapter 24 Attributesend example][H
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Chapter 24 Attributesaffirm the def
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Chapter 24 Attributesusing System;[
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Chapter 24 Attributesusing System;u
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Chapter 24 Attributes[Example: In t
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONinterface-
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONunmanaged-
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION• The st
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThe exampl
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONinput-char
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONA.1.8 Lite
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONA.1.10 Pre
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION342type-na
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONmember-acc
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONassignment
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONwhile-stat
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONA.2.6 Clas
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONmember-nam
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONoperator-m
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONrank-speci
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONA.2.12 Att
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONfixed-poin
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION10. The re
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONType Case
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION[Flags]pub
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONSystem.Win
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION{}public A
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}// Namesp
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public ov
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpublic sta
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public No
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION// Namespa
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public vi
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION// Namespa
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public vi
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpublic Str
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public ov
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION{}public c
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}public bo
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}Enclosing
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONAlthough d
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpublic cla
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION/// This c
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONE.2.14 Thi
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION"T:Color""
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONnamespace
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION}if (GetTy
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONThis metho
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATION< 163> ...
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONevent.....
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONdestructor
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONinvocation
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONextensions
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONdeclaratio
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONNaN ......
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONshift ....
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONpunctuator
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONstring as.
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C# LANGUAGE SPECIFICATIONvolatile .
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