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Backgro<strong>und</strong> Paper Number4, August 2001Zusammenfassung: Dieser Artikel versucht, die Lückezwischen Beh<strong>in</strong>derungs- <strong>und</strong> Entwicklungsstudien zu überbrücken,<strong>in</strong>dem er Wege für die Anwendung von Sozialkapitalerforscht <strong>in</strong> die Erläuterung <strong>und</strong> Erforschung breiterererkenntnistheoretischer <strong>und</strong> praktischer Fragen <strong>in</strong> der Debatteum Beh<strong>in</strong>derung <strong>in</strong> der Mehrheitswelt. Der Artikel legtdar, dass Sozialkapital – trotz se<strong>in</strong>es neoliberalen Beigeschmacks– hilfreiche Möglichkeiten eröffnet, Entwicklung<strong>und</strong> Beh<strong>in</strong>derung stärker mite<strong>in</strong><strong>and</strong>er zu verb<strong>in</strong>den, ebensowie die Diskussion auf den lokalen Kontext zu fokussieren<strong>und</strong> die Bedeutung sozialer Beziehungen <strong>und</strong> Geme<strong>in</strong>-12 Zeitschrift Beh<strong>in</strong>derung <strong>und</strong> <strong>Dritte</strong> <strong>Welt</strong> 1/2010
A RTIKELschaften <strong>in</strong> der Konstruktion von Beh<strong>in</strong>derung als Quelle fürSicherheit, Zugang zu Ressourcen <strong>und</strong> häufig für e<strong>in</strong> Überlebenohne formalen Sicherungssysteme. Sozialkapitalkann zudem auf die westliche Betonung von Eigenständigkeit<strong>und</strong> Unabhängigkeit (Individualismus) aufmerksammachen <strong>und</strong> möglicherweise h<strong>in</strong>terfragen, sowie mutmaßliche(universelle), kulturübergreifende Umgehensweisen mitMenschen mit Beh<strong>in</strong>derung ansprechen. Das öffnet dieAnalyse für mehr Mikro-Ansichten von Beh<strong>in</strong>derung <strong>in</strong>nerhalblokaler <strong>und</strong> sozialer Schauplätze <strong>und</strong> zugehöriger Faktoren<strong>und</strong> Prozesse, namentlich Armut <strong>und</strong> se<strong>in</strong>e Dynamik.Autor: Shaun Grech ist Doktor<strong>and</strong> an der Fakultät fürGes<strong>und</strong>heit, Psychologie <strong>und</strong> Soziale Arbeit der MetropolitanUniversity Manchester.Kontakt: Manchester Metropolitan University, Facultyof Health, Psychology <strong>and</strong> Social Care, Elizabeth GaskellCampus, Shepherds House, Hathersage Road,Manchester M130JA, UKE-mail: shaungrech@gmail.comRésumé: Cet article cherche à combler le fossé entre lesétudes sur le h<strong>and</strong>icap et celles sur le développement enexplorant les possibilités d’appliquer le capital social parl’explication et l’exploration des thèmes épistémologiqueset pratiques dans le débat sur le h<strong>and</strong>icap dans le ‚mondemajoritaire‘. L’article argumente que le capital social, malgréses connotations néolibérales et les motivations opportunistesde son adoption par le secteur du développement,offre des possibilités <strong>in</strong>téressantes pour rapprocher h<strong>and</strong>icapet développement. De même il concentre la discussionsur les contextes locaux et le rôle des relations sociales etdes communautés dans la construction du h<strong>and</strong>icap,comme cause de sécurité, d’accès aux ressources et souventde survie lorsque les filets de sécurité font défaut. Lecapital social peut aussi attirer l’attention a<strong>in</strong>si que mettreen cause le modèle occidental de l’autonomie et de l’<strong>in</strong>dépendance(<strong>in</strong>dividualisme), a<strong>in</strong>si que discuter la supposéeassistance (universelle) des personnes h<strong>and</strong>icapées à traversles cultures. Ceci ouvre l’analyse à des vues plus microsur le h<strong>and</strong>icap au se<strong>in</strong> des contextes locaux et sociaux etdes facteurs et processus associés, notamment la pauvretéet ses dynamiques. (Traduction sans garantie!).Resumen: Este artículo trata de superar la brecha entre discapacidady los estudios del desarrollo, explor<strong>and</strong>o cam<strong>in</strong>ospara la aplicación del capital social. Aunque tiene connotacionesneoliberales, el concepto del capital socialofrece cam<strong>in</strong>os para juntar desarrollo y discapacidad, asicomo también para estimular discusiones sobre contextoslocales y el rol que tiene la comunidad para la construcciónde la discapacidad. Con este sentido capital social describela fuente de seguridad, el acceso a recursos y en muchasocasiones sobrevivencia en la ausencia de redes de seguridadformal. Con este concepto se abre el analisis a una micro-perspectivade discapacidad dentro de su ambiente localy social y factores asociados, especialmente pobreza ysus d<strong>in</strong>ámicas.Zeitschrift Beh<strong>in</strong>derung <strong>und</strong> <strong>Dritte</strong> <strong>Welt</strong> 1/201013
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