A molecular cytogenetic analysis of chromosome behavior in Lilium ...

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Chapter 3Fig. 3.3. Gametes production and the resultant hybrids in the parental parent ‘Connecticut King’ witha reciprocal translocation. If a single crossover happened between two non-sister chromatids in theinterstitial segment (the segment between the centromere and the translocated segment on thechromosome with a translocation), both adjacent and alternate segregation lead to duplicationdeficiencygametes.The occurrence of multivalents and nonhomologous bivalents in two genotypes isexplained due to the presence of a duplication between two chromosomes from the Asiaticgenome. It is noticeable that this duplication is large enough to form chiasma(ta) in thehomologous segment so frequently that it results in forming multivalents (quadri- andtrivalent) or abnormal bivalents involving two non-homologous Asiatic chromosomes. This42
Intergenomic recombination and chromosome translocation in Lilium hybridsduplication indicates that there is either a duplication or a reciprocal translocation in thepaternal parent ‘Connecticut King’, and in the latter, a so-called duplication-deficiencygametes has been transmitted to the progeny successfully (Burnham 1962). These twoalternative possibilities need cytological confirmation through the analysis of the Asiaticparent. From the available observations and previous reports (Abe et al. 2002; Khan 2009;Shahin et al. 2011; Van Heusden et al. 2002), it appears that the presence of a reciprocaltranslocation may be more likely. During meiosis of reciprocal translocation, quadrivalentsare normally formed at metaphase I. Chiasma formation and crossing over in such cases willbe suppressed in the area close to the translocation breakpoints, both alternate and adjacentsegregation lead to reduced fertility. When progenies from these gametes are used for geneticmapping, markers will show skewed segregations, which has been found when these LApopulation were used for mapping (Shahin et al. 2011). Furthermore, two translocatedchromosomes usually lead to the formation of ‘pseudolinkage’ (Albrecht and Chetelat 2009;Beeman et al. 1986; Farré et al. 2010; Kamphuis et al. 2007; Larson et al. 2011). One exampleis the linkage maps of an interspecific F2 Solanum ochranthum × S. juglandifolium population.Chromosome 8 and 12 were connected in one large linkage groups, which indicating a likelyreciprocal translocation (Albrecht and Chetelat 2009). In the maps of LA lily, linkage group 1(219 cM) is more than two times longer compared with the average longth of the linkagegrous (95 cM)(Khan 2009), which also indicate a likely reciprocal translocation in‘Connecticut King’. Meanwhile, if crossovers happen in the interstitial segment of thetranslocated chromosome, different types of duplication-deficiency gametes, which aregenerally sterile, will be produced (Fig. 3.3).In conclusion, intergenomic recombination in lily allopolyploids are derived from crossingover events during meiosis; while the non-homologous chromosome pairing in multivalentsand bivalents potentially lead to the production of gametes with real chromosomerearrangements.43
Page 3 and 4: A molecular cytogenetic analysis of
Page 5: Table of ContentsChapter 1General I
Page 8 and 9: Chapter 1LilyLilies belong to genus
Page 10 and 11: Chapter 1counterparts (Finnegan 200
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1renewed interest in detect
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 1recombination, mechanisms
Page 16 and 17: Chapter 1is only an equational segr
Page 18 and 19: Chapter 1quite divergent with vario
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2An assessment of chromosom
Page 23 and 24: Chromosome rearrangements in Lilium
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3Elucidation of intergenomi
Page 39 and 40: Intergenomic recombination and chro
Page 47: Intergenomic recombination and chro
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 4AbstractMeiotic abnormalit
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 4There are some criteria to
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 4FISH experiments were perf
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 4was apparently shorter, wi
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 4bridges is explained as U-
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 4of the sexual polyploidize
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 4fragment have the same len
Page 66 and 67: Chapter 5AbstractSupernumerary (B)
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 5their origin, the structur
Page 70 and 71: Chapter 5Fig. 5.1. Discovery of B c
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 5In order to investigate th
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 5Centric breakage and fusio
Page 76 and 77: Chapter 5It has not, however, been
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 6The results presented in t
Page 80 and 81: Chapter 6model for molecular cytoge
Page 82 and 83: Chapter 6Fig. 6.2. The meiosis proc
Page 84 and 85: Chapter 6over events during FDR mei
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 6been detected with GISH an
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 6Another feature caused by
Page 91 and 92: ReferencesAbe, H.A., Nakano, M.N.,
Page 93 and 94: ReferencesChen, Q., and Armstrong,
Page 95 and 96: ReferencesHartlerode, A.J., and Scu
Page 97 and 98: ReferencesLarson, S.R., Kishii, M.,
Page 99 and 100:
ReferencesMcClintock, B. 1931. Cyto
Page 101 and 102:
ReferencesRai, R., Zheng, H., He, H
Page 103 and 104:
ReferencesStewart, R.N. 1947. The m
Page 105:
ReferencesZhang, L., Pickering, R.,
Page 108 and 109:
Summarychromosome rearrangements. T
Page 111 and 112:
SamenvattingLelie (Lilium) is in de
Page 113 and 114:
Samenvattingaantal 35 met daarnaast
Page 115 and 116:
摘要百合系百合科百
Page 117 and 118:
Acknowledgements淡看世事去
Page 119:
Curriculum VitaeSonglin Xie was bor
Page 123:
Education Statement of the Graduate
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