A molecular cytogenetic analysis of chromosome behavior in Lilium ...

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Chapter 5Fig. 5.1. Discovery of B chromosomes in the male parent (LLTT) and its multicolour GISH analysisin the progeny. (a) Two Bs in the male (L) parent of the tetraploid LLTT (white arrows). (b) Bchromosome (white arrow) was blocked by L genome DNA in multicolour GISH in genotype 076928-21 (LLO × LLTT) in which GISH clearly identified the chromosomes of the three genomes. T= red(biotin labelled and detected with Cy3– streptavidin); O= green (digoxigenin labelled and detectedwith anti-digoxigenin FITC system) and L= blue (DAPI counterstaining)ResultsExtra chromosomes in progenies of LLO × LLTTAs a first step, the karyotypes of the two parents were investigated for their chromosomeconstitution. Whereas the triploid LLO possessed the expected 36 chromosomes without anyextra chromosomes, there were two small extra chromosomes in the LLTT parent in additionto the normal chromosome complement (Fig. 5.1a). As expected, all the progenies from LLO× LLTT combination were aneuploid with chromosome number varying from 39 to 45.Beside the standard chromosomes (As), the small extra chromosomes were also detected inthe progeny. Besides their small size, the extra chromosomes were clearly metacentric andpresent in all somatic metaphase cells of the root meristem. Because chromosomes of threedifferent genomes (i.e., L, T and O) were expected to be present in the progenies of the LLO× LLTT cross, multicolour GISH analysis was used to analyze these progenies. Resultsshowed that chromosomes of the three genomes could be clearly distinguished and there wasindication that the small extra chromosome was blocked by Longiflorum DNA (Fig. 5.1b).Out of the analyzed 26 offspring plants, 19 genotypes possessed either one or two extrachromosomes, which will be mentioned as B chromosomes (Bs), whereas seven of the 26progenies had no Bs (Table 5.1). This indicated that the transmission of Bs through the maleparent LLTT was very high (73.4 %).64
Small aberrant chromosomes and B chromosomes in Lilium hybridsTable 5.1. Distribution, size and characters of small chromosomes in two different types oflily populationsGenotype # of A chr.# of smallchr.Origin Length (μm) RemarksLLO × LLTT Aneuploidpopulation 39-451-2 Male (LLTT) 6.29 existing 5S rDNA074051-9 35 1 Female (LA) 8.41denovo45S rDNA084798-2 35 1 Female (LA) 4.91denovoNo rDNA084798-6 35 1 Female (LA) 6.77denovoNo rDNAFig. 5.2. Cytogenetic structure of small chromosomes in different genotypes of lily revealed by GISHand FISH. (a) B chromosome (LLO × LLTT, 076928-23) is wholly hybridized by 5S rDNA probe (redrepresents 45S rDNA loci and green represents 5S rDNA loci). (b) B chromosome can be hybridizedby genomic DNA probe of Longiflorum (LAA, 074051-9, green represents L genome and bluerepresents A genome). (c) 45S rDNA loci on B chromosome (LAA, 074051-9, red represents 45SrDNA loci and green represents 5S rDNA loci). (d) Telomere labelling with telomere repeat sequencesas probe in 074051-9; the small aberrant chromosome showed a normal telomere signals (white arrowand inset).65
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A molecular cytogenetic analysis of
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Table of ContentsChapter 1General I
Page 8 and 9:
Chapter 1LilyLilies belong to genus
Page 10 and 11:
Chapter 1counterparts (Finnegan 200
Page 12 and 13:
Chapter 1renewed interest in detect
Page 14 and 15:
Chapter 1recombination, mechanisms
Page 16 and 17:
Chapter 1is only an equational segr
Page 18 and 19:
Chapter 1quite divergent with vario
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 2An assessment of chromosom
Page 23 and 24: Chromosome rearrangements in Lilium
Page 37 and 38: Chapter 3Elucidation of intergenomi
Page 39 and 40: Intergenomic recombination and chro
Page 49: Intergenomic recombination and chro
Page 52 and 53: Chapter 4AbstractMeiotic abnormalit
Page 54 and 55: Chapter 4There are some criteria to
Page 56 and 57: Chapter 4FISH experiments were perf
Page 58 and 59: Chapter 4was apparently shorter, wi
Page 60 and 61: Chapter 4bridges is explained as U-
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 4of the sexual polyploidize
Page 64 and 65: Chapter 4fragment have the same len
Page 66 and 67: Chapter 5AbstractSupernumerary (B)
Page 68 and 69: Chapter 5their origin, the structur
Page 72 and 73: Chapter 5In order to investigate th
Page 74 and 75: Chapter 5Centric breakage and fusio
Page 76 and 77: Chapter 5It has not, however, been
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 6The results presented in t
Page 80 and 81: Chapter 6model for molecular cytoge
Page 82 and 83: Chapter 6Fig. 6.2. The meiosis proc
Page 84 and 85: Chapter 6over events during FDR mei
Page 86 and 87: Chapter 6been detected with GISH an
Page 88 and 89: Chapter 6Another feature caused by
Page 91 and 92: ReferencesAbe, H.A., Nakano, M.N.,
Page 93 and 94: ReferencesChen, Q., and Armstrong,
Page 95 and 96: ReferencesHartlerode, A.J., and Scu
Page 97 and 98: ReferencesLarson, S.R., Kishii, M.,
Page 99 and 100: ReferencesMcClintock, B. 1931. Cyto
Page 101 and 102: ReferencesRai, R., Zheng, H., He, H
Page 103 and 104: ReferencesStewart, R.N. 1947. The m
Page 105: ReferencesZhang, L., Pickering, R.,
Page 108 and 109: Summarychromosome rearrangements. T
Page 111 and 112: SamenvattingLelie (Lilium) is in de
Page 113 and 114: Samenvattingaantal 35 met daarnaast
Page 115 and 116: 摘要百合系百合科百
Page 117 and 118: Acknowledgements淡看世事去
Page 119: Curriculum VitaeSonglin Xie was bor
Page 123:
Education Statement of the Graduate
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