Second Environmental Performance Review of Albania

xiCONTENTSForeword ............................................................................................................................................................... iiiPreface ................................................................................................................................................................... v List of team members .......................................................................................................................................... vii List of contributors ............................................................................................................................................. viiiList of abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................... xixSigns and measures............................................................................................................................................. xxiCurrency conversion table ................................................................................................................................. xxiiEXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ xxiiiINTRODUCTIONPageI.1 Physical context .......................................................................................................................... 1 I.2 Human context............................................................................................................................ 1 I.3 Economic context........................................................................................................................ 2 I.4 Political organization and institutions ......................................................................................... 4 PART I:POLICY MAKING, PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATIONChapter 1 Policymaking framework for environmental protection and sustainable development1.1 Developments since the first Environmental Performance Review ...........................................9 1.2 Strategies and policies................................................................................................................ 9 1.3 Legislation................................................................................................................................ 14 1.4 Institutional framework ............................................................................................................ 16 1.5 Conclusions and recommendations.......................................................................................... 21 Chapter 2 Compliance and enforcement mechanisms2.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 23 2.2 Institutional framework ............................................................................................................ 23 2.3 Enforcement of environmental legislation ...............................................................................24 2.4 Environmental permitting and assessment tools ......................................................................26 2.5 Enforcement tools .................................................................................................................... 29 2.6 Environmental standards and their enforcement ......................................................................30 2.7 Conclusions and recommendations.......................................................................................... 31 Chapter 3 Information, public participation and education3.1 Environmental monitoring ....................................................................................................... 33 3.2 Data reporting and analysis, reliability of data and use of environmental indicators ..............39 3.3 Awareness-raising and access to environmental information ..................................................42 3.4 Conclusions and recommendations.......................................................................................... 47