Second Environmental Performance Review of Albania

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Chapter 8: Forestry, biodiversity and protected areas113Photo 8.1: Theth National ParkHowever, much more important changes could resultfrom adoption of the draft law on forests andpastures, which specifies new institutionalorganization of the forestry sector reflecting changessince the adoption of the 2005 Law on Forests andthe Forestry Service, in particular the transfer ofownership rights to the significant part of the foreststo the communes.The proposed institutional structure aims tostrengthen forest administration in the 12 regions bya merger of 36 district forest service directorates intosome 10 to 12 much stronger regional forest servicedirectorates. This merger would also result in thereduction of forestry staff by some 38 per cent. Thisdraft law on forests and pastures is expected to besubmitted for approval in 2012The main strategic document is currently the 2004National Strategy for the Development of Forests andPastures. The Strategy sets out a long-term nationalstrategy for forest and pasture management,including erosion control, community management,reforestation, biodiversity conservation and protectedarea management.Institutional frameworkThe main governmental institution responsible for thedevelopment of forestry policies and legislation, andmonitoring and management of forests, is MoEFWA.MoEFWA responsibilities include protection,management, governance and control of forest andpasture areas, protected areas, wild flora and fauna,medicinal plants and other NTFPs. The regional anddistrict structures of MoEFWA exercise forestmanagement and control functions in public andprivate forests.The Directorate of Forestry and Pasture (DFP)operating under General Directorate ofEnvironmental Policies (GDEP) within theMoEFWA is in charge of forestry. DFP currently hastwo organizational units: the Sector of Extension andCommunal Forestry and the Sector of Management,Silviculture Measures and Training. DFP employs astaff of eight specialists. DFP activities are supportedby other organizational units of MoEFWA, inparticular: the Sector of Data Processing,Publications and Technology of Information(employing three specialists, one of them responsiblefor the maintenance of the forestry cadastre anddatabases) which operates under the GeneralDirectorate of Support Services; and two units of theDirectorate of Environmental Control, namely, theSector of Forestry Police and EI (employing fourspecialists each).Furthermore, the Directorate of Integration andProjects supports the preparation and implementationof plans, programmes and awareness-raisingactivities of the DFP and of the whole Ministry, aswell as the elaboration and implementation ofprojects, in particular those implemented with thesupport of external funding sources.EFA, based in Tirana, and its 12 REAs which operateat the regional level in cooperation with the 36
114 Part III: Integration of environmental concerns into economic sectors and promotion of sustainable developmentdistrict forestry services directorates (DFSDs), are incharge of forests and pastures as well as wild faunaand flora, in terms of law enforcement, control andforestry programme implementation.The DFSDs are the executing agencies of MoEFWA,operating in each of the 36 districts of the 12 regions.DFSD technical functions and responsibilitiesinclude control over the implementation of legalprovisions and by-laws in force for forests, pastures,protected areas, wild flora and fauna, hunting andother activities that take place in forests.In close collaboration with the LGUs, the DFSDsplay an important role in the forest transfer processand are also expected to serve as a forest extensionbody for communal and private forests, by organizingtraining and extension services for private ownersand specialized structures in LGUs responsible forcommunal forests.The recent decline in the surface area of the Stateownedforests, resulting from the forest ownershiptransfer to communes, has simultaneously causedreductions in staff employed by the DFSDs,including those in field services. In the past theDFSD sector employed some 1,400 staff; currentlythe number is close to 1,000 and is expected todecrease further (to some 616 employees) as a resultof the currently planned institutional reform in theforestry sector.However, there are plans to raise the currentlylimited capacities of the 36 DFSDs which havereduced staff, by their merger into either 12(reflecting the administrative division of the countryinto 12 regions) or 10 (given that two of the 12regions have small forest resources) much stronger,regional forest service directorates.With the ongoing ownership transfer of theconsiderable part (50.7 per cent in 2009) of forestland from State to communal ownership, the role andresponsibilities of the regions, regionalenvironmental agencies, and regional and/or districtforest service directorates are constantly expanding.In addition, as a consequence of this transfer process,the LGUs and associations of forest and pasture users(institutionalized at local, regional and nationallevels) are gaining more responsibilities in forestrymanagement within communal forests.The regions are entrusted with the function ofsupervising the development of communal forestry.According to the 2007 MoEFWA Instruction on theProcedure of the Approval of Management Plans ofthe Communal Forests and Pastures, the communalforest management plan, approved by the relevantcouncil of the LGU, must be confirmed by theprefect.LGUs are responsible for the management anddevelopment of communal forests according to theforest management plan. Their responsibilities andrights include forest restoration, timber and firewoodharvesting and issuing concessions for such,collection of NTFPs and the grazing of animals forrural family needs.Councils are, in fact, the end beneficiaries of theforest ownership transfer process. They establishvillages’ forest and pasture commissions whichdecide on delimiting the boundaries, appointing theusers and defining uses, and implementing theprotection and improvement plans of communalforests.All users of the communal forests and pastures in thecommunities are organized as members of the forestsand pastures users’ associations, bearing NGO status(currently NGOs in Albania are defined as “nonprofitorganizations”). These are grouped under aregional federation and represented at the nationallevel by the National Association of CommunalForest and Pastures (NACFP); all these bottom-upinitiatives institutionalize communal forestry,represent the interests of local stakeholders and havea countervailing role in dealings with thegovernmental structures.8.3 Biological diversityCurrent stateSeveral biodiversity monitoring and researchprogrammes are being implemented by researchinstitutions contracted for this purpose by MoEFWA,e.g. monitoring of habitats with rare, endemic andthreatened plant species and their ex-situconservation by the botanical gardens, andMonitoring of the Trophic Status of Lagoons by theFaculty of Natural Sciences (Chapter 3).The other important institutions involved inbiodiversity monitoring are: the Centre of Flora andFauna Research consisting on the Museum of NaturalSciences and the Botanical Garden and theBiotechnology Department – all above mentionedinstitutions subordinated to the Faculty of NaturalSciences of Tirana University under MoES; and theForestry Department within the EFA.
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UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION
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vPrefaceThe second EPR of Albania b
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viiLIST OF TEAM MEMBERSMr. Antoine
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ixMinistry of Agriculture, Food and
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xiCONTENTSForeword ................
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8.3 Biological diversity ..........
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xvPageChapter 8Table 8.1:Table 8.2:
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xviiPageLIST OF PHOTOSIntroductionP
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xixLIST OF ABBREVIATIONSAICASCICANP
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xxiSIGNS AND MEASURES .. not availa
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xxiiiExecutive summaryThe first Env
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The entire education system is subj
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was done by international consultan
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1Introduction I.1 Physical contextA
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Introduction3The country has deposi
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Introduction5Photo I.1: Ruins of Sk
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PART I: POLICYMAKING, PLANNING AND
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10 Part I: Policymaking, planning a
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Page 164 and 165: 135Chapter 10HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIR
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Page 182 and 183: 153Annex IIMPLEMENTATION OF THE REC
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163Chapter 6: WATER MANAGEMENTRecom
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There is no updated water resources
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international consulting and author
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it is limited only to the level of
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taken. In addition, NES2, under MoE
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173Chapter 12: HUMAN HEALTH AND THE
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Recommendation 12.5:(a) The Ministr
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178Worldwide agreementsYear1979 (BO
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181Annex IIISELECTED ECONOMIC AND E
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183Land resources and soil 2002 200
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Education 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
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188Law on Local Tax System, No. 963
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191SourcesIndividual authors1. Bego
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19336. Albania, Ministry of Environ
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19568. National Agency of Natural R
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197101. International POPs Eliminat
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199UNDP and Ministry of Environment
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201172. National Agency for Environ
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Second Environmental Performance Review of Albania

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