Second Environmental Performance Review of Albania

102 Part III: Integration of environmental concerns into economic sectors and promotion of sustainable developmentclean-up costs are high (e.g. the Durrës chemicalplant required more than US$ 6 million and otherhotspots are budgeted at over €1 million). Fundsallocated for waste management represent less than10 per cent of funds allocated to water andwastewater infrastructure improvements.7.4 Policies and strategiesThe 2002 NEAP formulated the need to developlandfills in Tirana, Durrës, Kavaja and Lezha.Requirements for the improvement of wastemanagement and remediation of hotspots were alsoformulated in the Albanian National Action Plan forthe Reduction of the Coastal Zone Pollution fromLand Based Sources in 2005. The Plan highlightedthe increasing impact of human presence, particularlyduring summer, which is mainly reflected in higherMSW generation along all the main beaches(Divjaka, Durrës, Saranda, Shengjin, Velipoja andVlora) due to the high concentration of tourists andlocal people from inland. It calls for the improvementof MSW collection systems, development of newdisposal sites and the clean-up of hotspots in thecoastal zone of Albania.These plans were, in general, not systematicallyimplemented, and only partial results were achievedunder individual projects. However, ideas formulatedin these documents were used in support ofimplementation of projects financed by internationaldonors and as a background for the National WasteManagement Strategy.Table 7.6: Radionuclides stored at the Center of Applied Nuclear PhysicsS ourceHospitals, industryArmy, industryHospital, geophysic or chemical enterprisesResearch, soil monitoringSoil, industry, agricultureIndustryArmy, industryResearchRadionuclide137 Cs60 Co226 Ra241 AmAm-Be192 Ir90 Sr239 PuSource: Center of Applied Nuclear Physics, 2011.Table 7.7: Waste-related investment from the Ministry of Public Works, Transportation andTelecommunications, in million €2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Municipal waste 0.197 1.386 0.715 1.919 1.626Hotspots 2.868 0.460 0.500 4.400 1.056Source: Ministry of Public Works, Transportation and Telecommunications.The 2006 NES2 summarizes the situation in wastemanagement and states that efforts in the waste sectorhave been insufficient and uncoordinated. With theaim of achieving improvements, the Strategyproposes to focus on development of local andregional plans which set principles and addressmatters of national importance such as hazardouswaste, municipal waste and medical wastemanagement, recovery and recycling operations.NES2 also states that wastewater collection andtreatment and solid waste management are two mainareas of concern. These areas will require massiveinvestment exceeding €1 billion to achieve ECstandards.NES2 outlines the following objectives forthe waste management sector:• Define best practice for waste management inthe medium term, as basis for the preparation ofwaste management plans;• Have Waste Management Planning System inplace at local, regional and national levels;• Implement Priority Projects for WasteManagement – Phase I; these include key MSWlandfills and waste separation;• Implement Priority Projects for WasteManagement – Phases II and III;• Develop hazardous waste management includingthe preparation of feasibility studies forhazardous waste containment facilities,implementation of new regulations anddevelopment of a National Hazardous WasteManagement Plan;