energijabe roughly as follows: 1 3000 to 3500for the solar panels, 1#500 to#1000for an inverter + shipment + taxes +solar modules mounting and installation.This gives the average investmentprice from 1#4000 to 5000per installed 1 kW of PV power. So,the energy payback time in Serbiancircumstances is at least 12 years. Inother European countries energy paybacktime varies from 6 to10 years,depending on the specific country, usedsolar cell technology, adopted FITs andother conditions.Over the last few years the solar PVindustry has seen a huge increase indemand. In 2008, worldwide moduleproduction increased 80% on theprevious year. As a result of the globaleconomic slowdown in 2009, pricesare now at an all time low. Marketresearchers found that the mean costof installed PV dropped 3.6% annuallyfrom 1998 through 2008, with adecline of 4.6% from 2007 to 2008.Some PV prices have dropped as muchas 35% in the last two years, which ismaking it tough for manufacturers tosurvive. Under present conditions itseems likely that another 30% may failin 2011, and another 20% in 2012.As a conclusion, the beginning of2010. seems to be not the best momentto invest in solar PV power stationin Serbia. Realistically, the energypayback time is well above 12 (guaranteed)years, and significant solar modulesdecline in pricing can be almostcertainly expected over the course ofthe year.7. Educational IssuesIn spite of the existence of numerousproven and factual information aboutPV solar cells and systems in scientificand technical journals, with conferences,exhibitions, fairs, internet sitesproviding specific information, thereis the opposition constantly attemptingto give false or negative informationabout PV technology. False informationis mainly about PV cell andmodule costs, their destroyable effectson the environment, etc.As an example we could rewrite a consumercomment on the open-site www.energija.wordpress.com/ appeared on23. Dec. 2009, [25], just after mediaannounced the introduction the newgovernment policy, who concludedthe next: “Congratulation for movingalong with FIT initiatives! However,the cheapest offer for the investmentin 100 kW solar power station I’ve arrangedduring a day with the Chinesecompany with total investment costof $2,3 billion! Thus, pay-back timewould be about 36 years, so where isthe interest and the gain with 1 0.23/kWh FIT then?”. The disappointmentof the uninformed costumer can beunderstood, and his comment, albeitfalse, as well. However, no-one havemade any correction on the site so far,this can not be understood. Havingin mind that the false information arespreading much faster then the trueone, a costumer willing to invest inthe photovoltaic system will run outforever. This typical example can beexplained with widespread in Serbiavery-poor educational level in the field.The investment price from $23.000,per installed 1kW of PV solar moduleis really too much, even if Chinesesteal the show!It is very important to provide the truescientific and comparable informationabout PV cells and systems. Therefore,the PV (as an every new technology) isan educational issue. The broad educationalcampaign has to be launched inSerbia, from basic schools to enteringnew study programs and modules atthe University levels. Serbia has tointroduce research facilities, trainingactivities and the dissemination ofinformation about renewable energy.In addition, the number of publishedpapers about PV cells and systems inenergy sector specialized domesticjournals and conferences is pretty low,and has to be increased, no matter -with review, engineering or scientificarticle character. A primal objective ofthis paper is to contribute in that sense.Republic of Serbia is a founder memberof the International RenewableEnergy Agency (IRENA), an intergovernmentalorganisation for promotingthe adoption of renewable energyworldwide. IRENA was officiallyestablished in Bonn, Germany, on 26.January 2009. Up to the end of 2009.,137 states and the European Unionsigned the Statute of the Agency;amongst them are 46 African, 36 European,32 Asian, 14 American and 9Australia/Oceania States. IRENA aimsto facilitate renewable energy technologytransfer and provide experiencefor practical applications and policies.Moreover, the Agency intends to facilitateaccess to all relevant information,including reliable data on the potentialsfor renewable energy, best practices,effective financial mechanisms, andstate-of-the-art technological expertise.In IRENA Memorandum, [26, pp.10],it is stated:It is imperative that every nation in theinternational community:[065]• create research and developmentfacilities;• begin using a wide range of solarenergy technologies, in order tokeep pace with new technologicaldevelopments;• promote the education of scientistsand technicians and increase publicawareness as the basis for increasingself-suffi cient production anduse of Renewable Energy and energyeffi ciency methods;• move quickly to introduce RenewableEnergy technologies.Bridging development gaps andreducing defi cits in the availabilityof information is a crucial global,environmental, economic and politicalissue. ...Those IRENA’s recommendationsclearly emphasized the role of theresearch, education and true informationpolicy in the international andnational frameworks in promoting andintroducing new technology for usingrenewable energy, the role which isparticularly important to developingand transitional countries.ConclusionSolar energy as a source of the renewableenergy has vast potential and it isthe challenge facing the world’s energyfuture. Insufficient awareness of theopportunities for the solar energy maybe an obstacle which can significantlylimit and delayed its use. PV electricityis expensive at the moment, but this isjust a transitory situation, one has tobe educated, trained and prepared forthe future almost certain scenario of itsfavourable use and exploitation. Thegoal could be achieved primarily withsteady as you go positive governmentpolitics in the renewable energy sector,broad and systematic costumers andengineer’s education and extensivefurther support in this field. The aimof this paper is to contribute on theincrease of the public and professionalawareness as the basis for increasingproduction and use of PV solar energy.References[1] A. V. Da Rosa, Fundamentals ofRenewable Energy Processes, 2 ndedition, Academic Press, ElsevierInc., 2009.[2] A. Goetzberger and V. U. Hoffmann,Photovoltaic Solar EnergyGeneration, Springer-Verlag 2005.
energija[3] D.S. Strebkov, “The Role of SolarEnergy in the Power Engineering ofthe Future”, Thermal Engineering,2006, Vol. 53, No. 3, pp 224-230.[4] T. Markvart and L. Castaner (eds.),Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics:Fundamentals and Applications,Elsevier Inc., 2003.[5] M. Razeghi, Technology ofQuantum Devices, SpringerScience+Business Media, 2009.[6] S. M. Pietruszko, Phovoltaics in theworld, A. Vaseashta et al. (eds.),Nanostructured and AdvancedMaterials, Springer, 2005, pp. 241-250.[7] I. Haller and H. Grupp, «Demandby product characteristics: measuringsolar cell quality over time»,J. Evol Econ, 2009, Vol. 19, pp.487-506.[8] H. Lin, W. Wang, Y. Liu, X. Li andJ. Li, «New trends for solar celldevelopment and recent progress ofdye sensitized solar cells», Front.Mater. China, 2009, 3(4), pp. 345-352.[9] W. Fuhs, Silicon thin-film solarcells, A. Vaseashta et al. (eds.),Nanostructured and AdvancedMaterials, Springer, 2005,pp. 293-298.[10] M. A. Green, “Thin-film solarcells: review of materials, technologiesand commercial status”,J. Mater Sci: Mater Electron,2007, V0l. 18, pp. 15-19.[11] R. Hezel, “Progress in ManufacturableHigh-Efficiency SiliconSolar Cells”, B. Kramer (Ed.):Advances in Solid State Physics,44, 2004., pp. 39-49.[12] S. Kasap, P. Capper, Solar Cellsand Photovoltaics, Part E/46:Novel Materials and Selected Applications,Springer Handbook ofElectronic and Photonic Materials,2006, pp. 1095-1106.[13] D. C. Senft, “Progress in CrystallineMultijunction and Thin-FilmPhotovoltaics”, J. of ElectronicMaterials, Vol. 34, No. 5, 2005,pp. 571-574.[14] Z. Fan et al., “Challenges andProspects of Nanopillar-BasedSolar Cells”, Nano Res., Vol. 2,2009, pp. 829-843.[15] S. Plater, “An initial analysis ofoptions for a UK feed-in tariff forphotovoltaic energy, from an arrayowner’s viewpoint”, Environ. Res.Lett., IOP Publish., Letter 4, pp.1-10.[16] V. P. Khvostikov et al., “High-Efficiency (49%) and High-PowerPhotovoltaic Cells Based on GalliumAntimonide”, Semiconductors,Vol. 40, No. 10, 2006., pp.1242-1246.[17] S. S. Sun, «Polymer photovoltaicoptimizations from exciton level»,J. Mater Sci: Mater Electron, Vol.18, 2007, pp. 1143-1146.[18] A. Hand (Ed.), “IMEC MechanicallyStacs GaAs/Ge MultijunctionSolar Cell”, SemiconductorInternacional, Oct. 2009.[19] L. Zhao et al., “A highly efficientlight-trapping structure for thinfilmsilicon solar cells”, Solar Energy,Vol. 84, 2010., pp. 110-115.[20] U. Eicker, Solar Technologies forBuildings, J. Wiley & Sons Ltd.,2003.[21] A. Elazari, G. Verilli and G.Groce, “Design of New GenerationMulti Solar Power Stations”,Spec. Seminar: Energy managmentand control and renewableand alternative energy sources,Lectures of A. Alazari, MilleniumElectric, Belgrade, Nov. 2008.[22] A. Elazari, “Multi Solar DesalinationPlant”, Spec. Seminar: Energymanagment and control andrenewable and alternative energysources, Lectures of A. Alazari,Millenium Electric, Belgrade,Nov. 2008.[23] A. Elazari, “The Multi SolarWindow”, Spec. Seminar: Energymanagment and control and renewableand alternative energysources, Lectures of A. Alazari,Millenium Electric, Belgrade,Nov. 2008.[24] “Oerlikon discusses path to$0.70/W thin-film PV panels”,in: Solid State Technology, www.solid-state.com, Aug. 2009.[25] UREDBA o merama podsticajaza proizvodnju električne energijekorišćenjem obnovljivih izvoraenergije i kombinovanom proizvodnjomelektrične i toplotneenergije, Vlada Republike Srbije,http ://www.enrgetika.gov.rs/ ,December 2009.[26] Memorandum for the Establishmentof an International RenewableEnergy Agency (IRENA),http://www.irena.org/irena.htm,2009.[066]