Moon & Mars Orbiting Spinning Tether Transport - Tethers Unlimited

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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.MMOSTT Final ReportE. Tether Systems for Interplanetary TransportMomentum-exchange tether systems may also enable rapid propellantless transport ofpayloads between Earth, Mars, and other planets. As a part of this Phase II effort, weinvestigated concepts for using rotating tethers in elliptical orbits around the Earth and Mars toprovide a means of tossing payloads between the planets. One concept for such a system is the“Mars-Earth Rapid Interplanetary Tether Transport (MERITT)” System, discussed in AppendixP, “Interplanetary Tether Transport Overview” and Appendix R, “Mars-Earth RapidInterplanetary Tether Transport (MERITT) Architecture.” In the MERITT architecture, a tetherfacility in a highly elliptical orbit around one planet would pick up payloads when it is nearperiapsis and, when it returns to periapsis, toss them at a velocity sufficient to give the payloada substantial hyperbolic excess velocity. At the destination planet, a second tether systemwould catch the payloads and release them a short time later into a low orbit or a suborbitaltrajectory, as illustrated in Figure 10.Figure 10. Design of the orbital architecture of the Mars tether facility in the MERITT system.The system works in both directions and is reusable. Kinetic energy lost by the throwing tetherscan be restored either by catching incoming payloads, by propellantless tether propulsionmethods, and/or high specific impulse propulsion systems. We investigated launch windowlengths and transfer times that a MERITT system could achieve. Figure 11 summarizes theresults of the launch window analysis. As shown in Figure 12, tethers with tip velocities of 3km per second can send payloads to Mars in as little as 70 days if aerobraking is used at Mars todissipate excess relative velocity and the orbital phasing is favorable. Tether-to-tether transferswithout aerobraking may be accomplished in about 110 to 160 days.We also investigated a concept for using momentum exchange tethers to enable missions totwo outer planets to be accomplished by a pair of spacecraft launched by a single rocket. In thisconcept, detailed in Appendix Q: “Application of Synergistic Multipayload Assistance withRotating Tethers (SMART) Concept to Outer Planet Exploration,” a tether would be deployedbetween two spacecraft, and the system would then be spun up as it approaches the first targetplanet. When the tethered spacecraft reaches periapse, the tether would release the spacecraft,leaving one payload in orbit around the planet and tossing the other satellite towards its15
Tethers Unlimited, Inc.MMOSTT Final Reportdestination planet. This method would provide a significant enhancement to the “gravitationalslingshot” delta-V boost that the second spacecraft could obtain from its flyby of the first planet.Figure 11. Launch window analysis for the MERITT Architecture.Figure 12. Transit times for the MERITT System.16
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Page 24 and 25: NIAC Funded Tether Research• Moon
Page 26 and 27: Electrodynamic Reboost• Power sup
Page 28 and 29: Cislunar Tether Transport System•
Page 30 and 31: MXER Tethers Included in NASA’sII
Page 32 and 33: 5mt Payload Tether Boost Facilityfo
Page 34 and 35: LEOGTO Boost Facility• Initial Fa
Page 36 and 37: Tether Boost FacilityControl Statio
Page 38 and 39: LEOGTO Boost Facility• TetherSim
Page 40 and 41: Rendezvous• Rapid AR&C Capability
Page 42 and 43: Proposed RETRIEVE TetherExperiment
Page 44 and 45: µTORQUE on Delta IV• Delta-IV Se
Page 46 and 47: Opportunities for NASATechnology De
Page 48 and 49: AIAA 2000-3842COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMEN
Page 50 and 51: --Commercial Tether Transport AIAA
Page 52 and 53: -Commercial Tether Transport AIAA 2
Page 54 and 55: Commercial Tether Transport AIAA 20
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Page 58 and 59: Momentum Exchange/Electrodynamic Re
Page 60 and 61: DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A TETHER B
Page 62 and 63: Tether Boost Facility Design AIAA 2
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Tether Boost Facility Design AIAA 2
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Cislunar Tet
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Interim Report Outline- Configurati
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Mission Definition¥ Payload Capaci
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Baseline Control Station DetailsTET
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Baseline Grapple AssemblyCAPTURES A
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LEO Facility System ArchitectureGRA
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Payload Adapter Assembly Subsystems
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Potential Reeling FunctionsReeling
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LEO Control Station Weights16
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Payload Adapter Assembly Weights18
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Tether Boost FacilityRequired Power
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Electrical Propulsion Voltage´ Spe
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Potential Reeling FunctionsReeling
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Preliminary Reeling AnalysisθθAss
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Tether Boost FacilitySystem Require
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Table of Contents1 Scope ..........
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2 ReferencesThis section lists docu
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The system shall measure and contro
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4 Ground Rules & AssumptionsThis se
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Appendix F: Tether Boost Facility D
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Appendix F Tether Boost Facility De
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Appendix L: Tether Boost Facility D
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Tether Rende
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Ongoing Tether Work Under NIAC Fund
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Cislunar Tether Transport System•
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Rapid Earth-Mars Transport• Reusa
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EarthMars Launch Windows• MMOSTT
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Incremental Development Path1. TORQ
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LEOGTO Boost Facility• TetherSim
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Tether Boost FacilityControl Statio
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Modular Design• Design Components
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Payload Accommodation AssemblyConfi
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Electrodynamic Thrusting• Drive c
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Tether Facility Reboost• Use Elec
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Rendezvous• Rapid Automated Rende
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Rendezvous Method: Preparation• P
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Development Issues• Automated Ren
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Potential Flight Experiments• Hig
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Opportunities for NASATechnology De
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Acknowledgements• Boeing/RSS - Jo
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IAF-99-A.5.10RAPID INTERPLANETARY T
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Rapid Interplanetary Tether Transpo
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IAF-00-S.6.04TETHER SYSTEMS FOR SAT
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IAF-00-S.6.04controlled very precis
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IAF-00-S.6.04Perigee Altitude (km)3
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IAF-00-S.6.04The LEO⇒GTO Tether B
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IAF-00-S.6.04AcknowledgmentsThis re
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Appendix K:
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.at a rate of
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Appendixm M:
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Appendix N. MXER Tether for Deployi
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Electrodynamic Thrustingto Reboost
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Momentum Exchange/Electrodynamic Re
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NOMENCLATURESymbol MeaningA payload
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DepartureangleA = 1.5π - (ω + u
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Tether material has a "characterist
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Rendezvous of Grapple with PayloadT
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adius vector to the new center of m
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days from payload pickup at one pla
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"JupiterandBeyond"Tether cut CUT:<
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Appendix Q:
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Appendix R:
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