Moon & Mars Orbiting Spinning Tether Transport - Tethers Unlimited

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Commercial Tether Transport AIAA 2000-3842trajectories, and to pick-up return payloads from LLOand send them down to LEO. The Lunavator masscould be built up using lunar resources, until it is capable of catching payloads sent from Earth and depositingthem directly on the lunar surface, with zero velocityrelative to the surface.The deployment of a tether in lunar orbit would enablethe tether system to begin servicing round-triptraffic, creating a ÒCislunar Tether Transport SystemÓ,illustrated in Figure 10, that could deliver payloadsfrom LEO to the surface of the Moon with little or nopropellant expenditure. 1Earth-To-Orbit Assist Tether SystemIn parallel with the development of the CislunarTether Transport System, a large, long tether facilitycould be built, again in an incremental fashion, to serveas a second stage in an Earth-to-Orbit Launch system.Currently, several designs exist for hypersonic airplanesand other reusable launch vehicles that can economicallycarry large payloads up to the upper atmosphere atspeeds in the range of Mach 10-15. For example, theDF-9 hypersonic airplane designed by Boeing couldcarry 15 metric tons to 100 km at Mach 10, and asmaller variant of the Gryphonª system proposed byAndrews Space Technology could deliver 15 metrictons to 150 km at Mach 15 (~5 km/s inertial on theequator). Their payload capabilities to orbital altitudesand velocities, however, are typically very small.Rather than using rockets to get the payloads all theway into orbit, a large Tether Boost Facility could beused to pick the payloads up from the reusable launchand either pull them into orbit or toss them to escape.A joint effort by Tethers Unlimited, Inc. and the BoeingCompanyÕs Reusable Space Systems is investigatinga concept for a ÒHypersonic-Airplane Space TetherOrbital Launch (HASTOL)Ó system, illustrated inFigure 11.Earth-Mars Round-Trip ArchitectureOnce a manned presence on Mars has been established, an additional tether facility could be deployed inMars orbit to catch payloads sent from Earth and tossreturn payloads back to Earth, as illustrated in Figure12.SummaryMomentum-Exchange/Electrodynamic-Reboost tetherfacilities can form the infrastructure for a fully-reusablelow-cost in-space transportation architecture. Severaltechnical challenges must be met to enable tether transportsystems to be fielded, including development ofrapid AR&C capabilities and techniques for buildingand controlling the tether facilities. A tether transportsystem to carry frequent traffic between Earth, theMoon, and Mars can be developed in a modular, incrementalfashion, in which each component can generaterevenue to fund the development of the rest of the system,much as the first railroads were developed. Theinitial Tether Boost Facility would be sized for launchon a single large rocket vehicle, and would be designedto immediately service traffic to GEO. The capacity ofthis facility could then be built incrementally, and additionaltether facilities deployed to handle Earth-to-OrbitAssist, LEOóLunar Surface round-trip travel, and deploymentof manned Mars bases.AcknowledgmentsThis research was supported by Phase I and Phase IIgrants from NASAÕs Institute for Advanced Concepts.The author wishes to acknowledge many valuable discussionswith Kirk Sorenson of NASA/MSFC.Figure 11. Illustration of the HASTOL architecture.8
Commercial Tether Transport AIAA 2000-3842References1. Hoyt, R.P. Uphoff, C.W., ÒCislunar Tether TransportSystemÓ, J. Spacecraft and Rockets, 37(2), March-April 2000, pp. 177-186.2. Hoyt, R.P., ÒCislunar Tether Transport SystemÓ, TethersUnlimited, Inc. Final Report on NASA Institute forAdvanced Concepts Phase I Contract 07600-011, May1999. Downloadable from www.niac.usra.edu.3. Forward, R.L., Nordley, G., ÒMERITT: Mars-EarthRapid Interplanetary Tether Transport System Ð InitialFeasibility Study,Ó AIAA Paper 99-2151, 35 th JointPropulsion Conference, Los Angeles, CA, 20-24 June1999.4. Carroll, J.A, Preliminary Design of a 1 km/sec TetherTransport Facility, March 1991, Tether ApplicationsFinal Report on NASA Contract NASW-4461 withNASA/HQ.5. Forward, R.L., ÒTether Transport from LEO to the LunarSurface,Ó AIAA paper 91-2322, 27th AIAA/ASME/ASE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference, July 1991.6. Hoyt, R.P., ÒTether System for Exchanging PayloadsBetween Low Earth Orbit and the Lunar Surface,Ó AIAAPaper 97-2794, 33rd AIAA/ASME/ ASE/ASEE JointPropulsion Conference, Seattle, WA, 6-9 July 1997.7. Bangham, M, Lorenzini, E., Vestal, L. Tether TransportSystem Study, NASA TP-1998-206959.8. Bogar, T.J., et al., Hypersonic Airplane Space TetherOrbital Launch System, Boeing-STL Final Report onPhase I NIAC Contract 07600-018, January 7, 2000. APDF version of the document is downloadable fromwww.niac.usra.edu.9. Hoyt, R.P., ÒDesign and Simulation of Tether Facilitiesfor the HASTOL Architecture,Ó AIAA Paper 2000-3615, 36 th Joint Propulsion Conference, Huntsville,AL, 17-19 July 2000.10. Hoyt, R.P., Forward, R.L., ÒThe Terminator Tether ª :Autonomous Deorbit of LEO Spacecraft for Space DebrisMitigation,Ó Paper AIAA-00-0329, 38 th AerospaceSciences Meeting & Exhibit, 10-13 Jan 2000, Reno,NV.11. Sorensen, K., personal communication, May 2000.12. Hoyt, R.P., ÒDesign And Simulation of A Tether BoostFacility For LEO⇒GTO Transport,Ó AIAA Paper 2000-3866, 36 th Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit,17-19 July 2000, Huntsville, AL.Figure 12. The MERITT architecture concept.9
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.MMOSTT Final
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.MMOSTT Final
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Page 24 and 25: NIAC Funded Tether Research• Moon
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Page 88 and 89: Baseline Grapple AssemblyCAPTURES A
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Preliminary Reeling AnalysisθθAss
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Tether Boost FacilitySystem Require
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Table of Contents1 Scope ..........
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2 ReferencesThis section lists docu
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The system shall measure and contro
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4 Ground Rules & AssumptionsThis se
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Appendix F: Tether Boost Facility D
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Appendix F Tether Boost Facility De
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Appendix L: Tether Boost Facility D
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Ongoing Tether Work Under NIAC Fund
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Cislunar Tether Transport System•
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Rapid Earth-Mars Transport• Reusa
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EarthMars Launch Windows• MMOSTT
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Incremental Development Path1. TORQ
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LEOGTO Boost Facility• TetherSim
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Tether Boost FacilityControl Statio
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Modular Design• Design Components
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Payload Accommodation AssemblyConfi
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Electrodynamic Thrusting• Drive c
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Tether Facility Reboost• Use Elec
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Rendezvous• Rapid Automated Rende
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Rendezvous Method: Preparation• P
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Development Issues• Automated Ren
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Potential Flight Experiments• Hig
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Opportunities for NASATechnology De
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Acknowledgements• Boeing/RSS - Jo
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IAF-99-A.5.10RAPID INTERPLANETARY T
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Rapid Interplanetary Tether Transpo
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IAF-00-S.6.04TETHER SYSTEMS FOR SAT
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IAF-00-S.6.04controlled very precis
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IAF-00-S.6.04Perigee Altitude (km)3
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IAF-00-S.6.04The LEO⇒GTO Tether B
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IAF-00-S.6.04AcknowledgmentsThis re
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Appendix K:
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.at a rate of
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Appendixm M:
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Appendix N. MXER Tether for Deployi
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Electrodynamic Thrustingto Reboost
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100000 95000 90000 85000 80000 7500
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Momentum Exchange/Electrodynamic Re
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NOMENCLATURESymbol MeaningA payload
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DepartureangleA = 1.5π - (ω + u
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Tether material has a "characterist
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Rendezvous of Grapple with PayloadT
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adius vector to the new center of m
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days from payload pickup at one pla
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"JupiterandBeyond"Tether cut CUT:<
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Moon & Mars Orbiting Spinning Tether Transport - Tethers Unlimited

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