Moon & Mars Orbiting Spinning Tether Transport - Tethers Unlimited

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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Cislunar Tether Transportlaunch large quantities of propellant into Earthorbit.SummaryOur analyses have concluded that the optimumarchitecture for a tether system designed totransfer payloads between LEO and the lunarsurface will utilize one tether facility in anelliptical, equatorial Earth orbit and one tetherin low lunar orbit. We have developed a systemconcept design for a 100 km long Earth-orbitTether Boost Facility capable of picking 1,000 kgpayloads up from LEO and injecting them into aminimal-energy lunar transfer orbit. This systemwill also boost 2,500 kg payloads to GTO. Thepayload capacity of the system can be builtincrementally by deploying additional tethermodules. After boosting a payload, the facilitycan use electrodynamic propulsion to reboost itsorbit, enabling the system to repeatedly sendpayloads to the Moon without requiringpropellant or return traffic. When the payloadreaches the Moon, it will be caught andtransferred to the surface by a 200 km long lunartether. Using two different numericalsimulations, we have tested the feasibility ofthis design and developed scenarios fortransferring payloads from a low-LEO orbit tothe surface of the Moon, with only 25 m/s of ∆ Vneeded for small trajectory corrections. Thus, i tappears feasible to construct a Cislunar TetherTransport System that can greatly reduce the costof round-trip travel between LEO and the surfaceof the Moon by minimizing the need forpropellant expenditure.AcknowledgmentsThis research was supported by Phase I andPhase II grants from NASAÕs Institute forAdvanced Concepts. The author wishes toacknowledge significant input by ChaunceyUphoff of Fortune Eight Aerospace, and valuablediscussions with Kirk Sorensen of NASA/MSFC.References1. Hoyt, R.P. Uphoff, C.W., ÒCislunar Tether TransportSystemÓ, J. Spacecraft and Rockets, 37(2), March-April 2000, pp. 177-186.2. Hoyt, R.P., ÒCislunar Tether Transport SystemÓ,Tethers Unlimited, Inc. Final Report on NASAInstitute for Advanced Concepts Phase I Contract07600-011, May 1999. Downloadable fromwww.niac.usra.edu.3. Forward, R. L., ÒTether Transport from LEO to theLunar Surface,Ó AIAA paper 91-2322, July 1991.4. Hoyt, R. P., Forward, R. L., ÒTether System forExchanging Payloads Between Low Earth Orbitand the Lunar SurfaceÓ, AIAA 97-2794, July 1997.5. Danby, J.M.A., Fundamentals of Celestial Mechanics,2 nd Edition, Willmann-Bell, 1992, Ch. 14.6. Failure Resistant Multiline Tether, Robert L. Forwardand Robert P. Hoyt, PCT/US97/05840, filed 22April 1997.7. Mart’nez-S‡nchez, M., Gavit, S.A., ÒOrbitalModifications using Forced Tether LengthVariationsÓ, Journal of Guidance, Control, andDynamics, 10(3) May-June 1987, pp 233-241.8. Hoyt, R. P., ÒMaintenance Of Rotating Tether OrbitsUsing Tether ReelingÓ, Appendix F in Ref. 2.9. Moravec, H., ÒA Non-Synchronous Orbital Skyhook,ÓJournal of the Astronautical Sciences., 25(4), Oct-Dec1977, pp. 307-322.10. Landis, G.A., ÒReactionless Orbital Propulsionusing Tether Deployment,Ó Acta Astronautica 26(5),IAF Paper 90-254, 1992.11. Kim, E., Vadali, S.R. ÒModeling Issues related toRetrieval of Flexible Tethered Satellite Systems,ÓJournal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, 18(5),1995, pp 1169-76.12. Uphoff, C., ÒMission Analysis Evaluation andSpace Trajectory Optimization ProgramÓ, FinalReport on NASA Contract NAS5-11900, March1973.11
Tether Boost Facility Design StudyInterim ReportJuly 21, 2000The Boeing CompanySubcontract MMOSTT-01to Tethers Unlimited, Inc. Contract No. NIAC-07600-034Moon Mars Orbiting Spinning Tether Transport (MMOSTT)Architecture Study
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.MMOSTT Final
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NIAC Funded Tether Research• Moon
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Electrodynamic Reboost• Power sup
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Cislunar Tether Transport System•
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Page 32 and 33: 5mt Payload Tether Boost Facilityfo
Page 34 and 35: LEOGTO Boost Facility• Initial Fa
Page 36 and 37: Tether Boost FacilityControl Statio
Page 38 and 39: LEOGTO Boost Facility• TetherSim
Page 40 and 41: Rendezvous• Rapid AR&C Capability
Page 42 and 43: Proposed RETRIEVE TetherExperiment
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Page 48 and 49: AIAA 2000-3842COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMEN
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Page 58 and 59: Momentum Exchange/Electrodynamic Re
Page 60 and 61: DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A TETHER B
Page 62 and 63: Tether Boost Facility Design AIAA 2
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Page 82 and 83: Interim Report Outline- Configurati
Page 84 and 85: Mission Definition¥ Payload Capaci
Page 86 and 87: Baseline Control Station DetailsTET
Page 88 and 89: Baseline Grapple AssemblyCAPTURES A
Page 90 and 91: LEO Facility System ArchitectureGRA
Page 92 and 93: Payload Adapter Assembly Subsystems
Page 94 and 95: Potential Reeling FunctionsReeling
Page 96 and 97: LEO Control Station Weights16
Page 98 and 99: Payload Adapter Assembly Weights18
Page 100 and 101: Tether Boost FacilityRequired Power
Page 102 and 103: Electrical Propulsion Voltage´ Spe
Page 104 and 105: Potential Reeling FunctionsReeling
Page 106 and 107: Preliminary Reeling AnalysisθθAss
Page 108 and 109: Tether Boost FacilitySystem Require
Page 110 and 111: Table of Contents1 Scope ..........
Page 112 and 113: 2 ReferencesThis section lists docu
Page 114 and 115: The system shall measure and contro
Page 116 and 117: 4 Ground Rules & AssumptionsThis se
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Appendix F: Tether Boost Facility D
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Appendix L: Tether Boost Facility D
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Tether Rende
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Ongoing Tether Work Under NIAC Fund
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Cislunar Tether Transport System•
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Rapid Earth-Mars Transport• Reusa
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EarthMars Launch Windows• MMOSTT
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Incremental Development Path1. TORQ
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LEOGTO Boost Facility• TetherSim
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Tether Boost FacilityControl Statio
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Modular Design• Design Components
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Payload Accommodation AssemblyConfi
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Electrodynamic Thrusting• Drive c
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Tether Facility Reboost• Use Elec
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Rendezvous• Rapid Automated Rende
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Rendezvous Method: Preparation• P
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Development Issues• Automated Ren
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Potential Flight Experiments• Hig
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Opportunities for NASATechnology De
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Acknowledgements• Boeing/RSS - Jo
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IAF-99-A.5.10RAPID INTERPLANETARY T
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Rapid Interplanetary Tether Transpo
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IAF-00-S.6.04TETHER SYSTEMS FOR SAT
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IAF-00-S.6.04controlled very precis
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IAF-00-S.6.04Perigee Altitude (km)3
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IAF-00-S.6.04The LEO⇒GTO Tether B
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IAF-00-S.6.04AcknowledgmentsThis re
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Appendix K:
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.at a rate of
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Appendix L -
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Appendixm M:
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Appendix N. MXER Tether for Deployi
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Electrodynamic Thrustingto Reboost
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100000 95000 90000 85000 80000 7500
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Momentum Exchange/Electrodynamic Re
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NOMENCLATURESymbol MeaningA payload
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DepartureangleA = 1.5π - (ω + u
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Tether material has a "characterist
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Rendezvous of Grapple with PayloadT
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adius vector to the new center of m
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days from payload pickup at one pla
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"JupiterandBeyond"Tether cut CUT:<
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Appendix Q:
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Tethers Unlimited, Inc.Appendix R:
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