ILCD Handbook: Framework and requirements for LCIA models and ...

ILCD Handbook: Framework and requirements for LCIA models and indicators First edition
Dose-response slopes consider the influence of the size (e.g. mass based, surface
base, number based).
Dose-response slopes consider the influence of the particle composition.
All the main types of adverse health effects are considered (various morbidity as well as
mortality).
Regarding severity and aggregation, value judgments are transparent and intermediary
results are kept separate.
For scientific validity:
Best available and most recent knowledge ion typical particle size distribution is used to
determine default factors.
Best available and most recent knowledge ior transformation from precursor to
secondary PM is considered.
Slope of the effect factors based on epidemiological data account for best available and
most recent knowledge
Best available and most recent knowledge is used for the severity factors.
The table below presents the general and specific criteria for respiratory inorganics
identifying the minimum score to be met (threshold value) and the most relevant criteria for
the impact category (importance).
Table 4-4 General and specific criteria for respiratory inorganics with threshold value and
importance.
RESPIRATORY INORGANICS Check the following:
Introduction
Completeness of
scope
• Timeframe, discounting, etc.
• Marginal (M) or Average (A) defined, if not described
(ND) (i.e., is effect a marginal effect (additional impact
per kg additional PM at present working point) or
estimated as the overall effect divided by the overall
emissions).
• Total number of substances covered by the provided
characterisation factors.
• The impact indicator covers the majority of impact
mechanisms and relevant elementary flows for the AoP
Human Health
• The impact indicator covers the majority of impact
mechanisms and relevant elementary flows for the AoP
Natural Environment
• The impact indicator covers the majority of impact
mechanisms and relevant elementary flows for the AoP
Natural Resources
• The midpoint indicator is chosen in a way that all LCI
are appropriately aggregated as early as possible in the
cause effect chain.
• The characterisation model is adaptable to spatial and
temporal explicit evaluation.
• Global geographical validity preferable, separate
validity for Europe beneficial.
• The method is compatible with, or developed
specifically for, the comparative assessment scope of
LCA (e.g. factors do not include security
factors/precautionary principle).
Threshold
(Minimum
score)
B H
B H
Importance
(H-N)
4 Requirements for specific impact categories 46