HELLO from KOREA

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55 _ Culture A court dance The nobility also enjoyed vocal music in the form of gagok, verse sung with a small ensemble in 16- and 10-beat meters, and sijo, short lyric songs sung on variations of a basic melody. More commonly heard these days, however, is music that was for the common people: farmers' music, shaman music, Buddhist music. The rhythmic, vibrant music made by farmers is led by the brassy voice of the small gong, the kkwaenggwari, usually to accompany dancing. Folk songs were commonly based on a five-or four-tone system, unlike the Western twelve-tone system, which means instead of having do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, the notes of a major scale, you might have sol, la, do, re, mi. One of the characteristics that distinguishes Korean folk songs is the use of a 3/1 time, one two three, one two three, unlike the 2/1 meter, one two, one two, used in the folk songs of Japan and China. Another form of vocal music of folk origin is pansori. It is both musical and dramatic in form. Alternately spoken, sung, and acted, a pansori performance tells one of five basic stories based on old Korean legends, with the performer improvising his/her own touches. Traditional instruments like the hourglass drum (janggo) and the
56 _ HELLO from KOREA The Chung Trio: Myung-hwa, Kyung-hwa and Myung-whun (1944- ), (1948- ), (1953- ) Many would agree that the Korean people are musically inclined. Not only does Korea have a rich tradition of music, but the Korean love of music is observed almost anywhere today. Most Korean parents try to have their children take piano or violin lessons, thus creating a huge and sustainable market for small music schools and private tutors. Singing is even more popular, with normally shy office workers and young misses packing into noraebang (karaoke rooms) to croon old standards and to belt out pop hits. Who among them isn’t secretly hoping to be discovered on a Sunday morning variety show or at a college singing competition and make it big? The Korean passion for music has disseminated overseas: Korean communities abroad sponsor their own song festivals, while leading conservatories in America and Europe have a disproportionate number of pupils with such Korean surnames as Kim, Lee, and Park. Members of the Chung Trio are perhaps the most famous Korean artists ever. They are known as the Chung Trio on the rare occasions when they are able to perform together, but they have also become prominent in their own right as individual musicians. Together they received the Excellence 2000 Award for their contributions to music development in the United States and were appointed goodwill ambassadors for the UNDCP in June 1992. Chung Myung-hwa, the eldest of the trio, was born in Seoul in 1944. She began piano lessons at the age of four but switched to the cello a few years later. At the age of thirteen she received her first musical accolade at a national music competition. Finishing her high school studies at the Seoul Arts School, she went to the Jiulliard School of Music in New York from which she graduated. She went on to study at the University of Southern California. In 1969 she performed at the White House and in 1971, was awarded first prize in the cello division of the Geneva Competition. She has performed with such world renowned conductors as Zubin Mehta and Carlo Maria Guilini. Her sister Kyung-hwa first learned to play the piano at the age of four but switched the violin at the age of six. In 1960 she played in Japan as a member of a goodwill delegation, and in 1961 was enrolled at the Jiulliard School of Music, where she studied under noted virtuoso Ivan Galamian. In 1965 she kkwaenggwari have gained increasing popularity. These days it's fairly easy to find cultural centers or private institutions that teach these instruments to amateurs, especially the college-aged. Traditional music is, however, not the music of choice for most young Korean people, or even most older Korean people. Classical Western music has long been accepted and performed in Korea, and that is what most Korean young people study. The first Korean symphony orchestra, the Korea Philharmonic Orchestra Society, was established in 1945, and since then Korea has produced a remarkable number of world-class clas-
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