Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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PART V THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology
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A Textbook of Clinical Pharmacology
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This fifth edition is dedicated to
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CONTENTS FOREWORD PREFACE ACKNOWLED
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PREFACE Clinical pharmacology is th
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PART I GENERAL PRINCIPLES
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO THERAPEUT
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SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF USE OF DRUGS IN
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AGONISTS 7 100 100 Effect (%) Effec
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SLOW PROCESSES 9 100 2 Dose ratio -
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CHAPTER 3 PHARMACOKINETICS ● Intr
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REPEATED (MULTIPLE) DOSING 13 In re
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NON-LINEAR (‘DOSE-DEPENDENT’) P
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CHAPTER 4 DRUG ABSORPTION AND ROUTE
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ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION 19 ROUTES
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ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION 21 Transde
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ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION 23 FURTHER
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PHASE II METABOLISM (TRANSFERASE RE
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ENZYME INDUCTION 27 and lorazepam.
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METABOLISM OF DRUGS BY INTESTINAL O
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CHAPTER 6 RENAL EXCRETION OF DRUGS
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ACTIVE TUBULAR REABSORPTION 33 ACTI
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RENAL DISEASE 35 DISTRIBUTION Drug
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LIVER DISEASE 37 Detailed recommend
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THYROID DISEASE 39 DIGOXIN Myxoedem
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CHAPTER 8 THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORI
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DRUGS FOR WHICH THERAPEUTIC DRUG MO
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CHAPTER 9 DRUGS IN PREGNANCY ● In
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PHARMACOKINETICS IN PREGNANCY 47 va
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PRESCRIBING IN PREGNANCY 49 an anti
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PRESCRIBING IN PREGRANCY 51 Case hi
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BREAST-FEEDING 53 METABOLISM At bir
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RESEARCH 55 lifelong effects as a r
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PHARMACODYNAMIC CHANGES 57 DISTRIBU
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EFFECT OF DRUGS ON SOME MAJOR ORGAN
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RESEARCH 61 FURTHER READING Dhesi J
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ADVERSE DRUG REACTION MONITORING/SU
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ADVERSE DRUG REACTION MONITORING/SU
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PREVENTION OF ALLERGIC DRUG REACTIO
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EXAMPLES OF ALLERGIC AND OTHER ADVE
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CHAPTER 13 DRUG INTERACTIONS ● In
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HARMFUL INTERACTIONS 73 Response Re
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HARMFUL INTERACTIONS 75 Table 13.1:
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HARMFUL INTERACTIONS 77 Table 13.5:
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CHAPTER 14 PHARMACOGENETICS ● Int
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GENETIC INFLUENCES ON DRUG METABOLI
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INHERITED DISEASES THAT PREDISPOSE
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INHERITED DISEASES THAT PREDISPOSE
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CLINICAL TRIALS 87 • Discovery
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CLINICAL DRUG DEVELOPMENT 89 Too ma
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GLOBALIZATION 91 ETHICS COMMITTEES
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CELL-BASED AND RECOMBINANT DNA THER
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HUMAN STEM CELL THERAPY 95 duration
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CHAPTER 17 ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES: H
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SOY 99 A case report has suggested
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MISCELLANEOUS HERBS 101 including h
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PART II THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
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CHAPTER 18 HYPNOTICS AND ANXIOLYTIC
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ANXIETY 107 and daytime sleeping sh
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ANXIETY 109 Key points • Insomnia
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SCHIZOPHRENIA 111 Box 19.1: Dopamin
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SCHIZOPHRENIA 113 The Boston Collab
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BEHAVIOURAL EMERGENCIES 115 Oral me
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DEPRESSIVE ILLNESSES AND ANTIDEPRES
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DEPRESSIVE ILLNESSES AND ANTIDEPRES
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LITHIUM, TRYPTOPHAN AND ST JOHN’S
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SPECIAL GROUPS 123 Case history A 4
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PARKINSON’S SYNDROME AND ITS TREA
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PARKINSON’S SYNDROME AND ITS TREA
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MYASTHENIA GRAVIS 129 CHOREA The γ
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ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE 131 Cholinerg
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CHAPTER 22 ANTI-EPILEPTICS ● Intr
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GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF
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GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT OF
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WITHDRAWAL OF ANTI-EPILEPTIC DRUGS
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FEBRILE CONVULSIONS 141 Case histor
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DRUGS USED FOR MIGRAINE PROPHYLAXIS
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CHAPTER 24 ANAESTHETICS AND MUSCLE
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INHALATIONAL ANAESTHETICS 147 is th
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SUPPLEMENTARY DRUGS 149 • Respira
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MUSCLE RELAXANTS 151 NON-DEPOLARIZI
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LOCAL ANAESTHETICS 153 have also pr
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CHAPTER 25 ANALGESICS AND THE CONTR
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DRUGS USED TO TREAT MILD OR MODERAT
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OPIOIDS 159 Key points Drugs for mi
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OPIOIDS 161 increases, correlating
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MANAGEMENT OF POST-OPERATIVE PAIN 1
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PART III THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
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CHAPTER 26 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
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DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRU
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HYPERURICAEMIA AND GOUT 171 • Sto
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HYPERURICAEMIA AND GOUT 173 Pharmac
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PART IV THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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CHAPTER 27 PREVENTION OF ATHEROMA:
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PREVENTION OF ATHEROMA 179 responsi
Page 192 and 193: DRUGS USED TO TREAT DYSLIPIDAEMIA 1
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Page 196 and 197: CHAPTER 28 HYPERTENSION ● Introdu
Page 198 and 199: DRUGS USED TO TREAT HYPERTENSION 18
Page 204 and 205: OTHER ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS 193 Ke
Page 206 and 207: OTHER ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS 195 Ca
Page 208 and 209: MANAGEMENT OF STABLE ANGINA 197 Ass
Page 210 and 211: MANAGEMENT OF UNSTABLE CORONARY DIS
Page 212 and 213: DRUGS USED IN ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEA
Page 214 and 215: DRUGS USED IN ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEA
Page 216 and 217: ANTICOAGULANTS 205 Intrinsic pathwa
Page 218 and 219: ANTICOAGULANTS 207 that the pharmac
Page 220 and 221: ANTICOAGULANTS IN PREGNANCY AND PUE
Page 222 and 223: CHAPTER 31 HEART FAILURE ● Introd
Page 224 and 225: DRUGS FOR HEART FAILURE 213 The dru
Page 226 and 227: DRUGS FOR HEART FAILURE 215 therape
Page 228 and 229: CHAPTER 32 CARDIAC DYSRHYTHMIAS ●
Page 230 and 231: CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION AND C
Page 232 and 233: TREATMENT OF OTHER SPECIFIC DYSRHYT
Page 234 and 235: SELECTED ANTI-DYSRHYTHMIC DRUGS 223
Page 244 and 245: CHAPTER 33 THERAPY OF ASTHMA, CHRON
Page 246 and 247: CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AND EMPHYSEMA 23
Page 248 and 249: DRUGS USED TO TREAT ASTHMA AND CHRO
Page 250 and 251: DRUGS USED TO TREAT ASTHMA AND CHRO
Page 252 and 253: RESPIRATORY FAILURE 241 use in asth
Page 254 and 255: DRUG-INDUCED PULMONARY DISEASE 243
Page 256 and 257: PART VI THE ALIMENTARY SYSTEM
Page 258 and 259: CHAPTER 34 ALIMENTARY SYSTEM AND LI
Page 260 and 261: PEPTIC ULCERATION 249 • With rega
Page 262 and 263: PEPTIC ULCERATION 251 Ranitidine ha
Page 264 and 265: ANTI-EMETICS 253 Vestibular stimula
Page 266 and 267: INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE 255 cort
Page 268 and 269: CONSTIPATION 257 • in hepatocellu
Page 270 and 271: PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY 259 Ciprof
Page 272 and 273: LIVER DISEASE 261 withdrawal), smal
Page 274 and 275: DRUGS THAT MODIFY APPETITE 263 Tabl
Page 276 and 277: CHAPTER 35 VITAMINS AND TRACE ELEME
Page 278 and 279: VITAMIN C(ASCORBIC ACID) 267 dinucl
Page 280 and 281: TRACE ELEMENTS 269 Table 35.1: Comm
Page 282 and 283: PART VII FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES
Page 284 and 285: CHAPTER 36 NEPHROLOGICAL AND RELATE
Page 286 and 287: DIURETICS 275 Key points Diuretics
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Page 290 and 291: DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE BLADDER AND G
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DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE BLADDER AND G
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PART VIII THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
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CHAPTER 37 DIABETES MELLITUS ● In
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DRUGS USED TO TREAT DIABETES MELLIT
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ANTITHYROID DRUGS 293 deficiency. P
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SPECIAL SITUATIONS 295 fertility. I
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CHAPTER 39 CALCIUM METABOLISM ● I
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BISPHOSPHONATES 299 effective in li
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CINACALCET 301 Further reading Bloc
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ADRENAL CORTEX 303 Table 40.1: Acti
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ADRENAL MEDULLA 305 injection may b
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CHAPTER 41 REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLO
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY 3
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY 3
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY 313
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MALE REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY 315
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ANTERIOR PITUITARY HARMONES AND REL
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POSTERIOR PITUITARY HARMONES 319 FU
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PART IX SELECTIVE TOXICITY
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CHAPTER 43 ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS ●
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COMMONLY PRESCRIBED ANTIBACTERIAL D
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PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT OF MYCOBAC
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FIRST-LINE DRUGS IN TUBERCULOSIS TH
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MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE INFECTION 339
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ANTIFUNGAL DRUG THERAPY 341 POLYENE
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ANTIFUNGAL DRUG THERAPY 343 therapy
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ANTIVIRAL DRUG THERAPY (EXCLUDING A
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ANTIVIRAL DRUG THERAPY (EXCLUDING A
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INTERFERONS AND ANTIVIRAL HEPATITIS
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CHAPTER 46 HIV AND AIDS ● Introdu
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ANTI-HIV DRUGS 353 Table 46.1: Exam
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ANTI-HIV DRUGS 355 NON-NUCLEOSIDE A
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OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS IN HIV-1-S
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ANTI-HERPES VIRUS THERAPY 359 salva
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CHAPTER 47 MALARIA AND OTHER PARASI
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MALARIA 363 Pharmacokinetics Chloro
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HELMINTHIC INFECTION 365 Table 47.2
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CHAPTER 48 CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY ●
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COMMON COMPLICATIONS OF CANCER CHEM
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DRUGS USED IN CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY 3
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PART X HAEMATOLOGY
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CHAPTER 49 ANAEMIA AND OTHER HAEMAT
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HAEMATINICS - IRON, VITAMIN B 12 AN
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HAEMATOPOIETIC GROWTH FACTORS 393 S
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IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA
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PART XI IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
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CHAPTER 50 CLINICAL IMMUNOPHARMACOL
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IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS 401 Ag Ant
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IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS 403 Table
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CHEMICAL MEDIATORS OF THE IMMUNE RE
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IMMUNOGLOBULINS AS THERAPY 407 DRUG
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PART XII THE SKIN
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CHAPTER 51 DRUGS AND THE SKIN ● I
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DERMATITIS (ECZEMA) 413 Avoid preci
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PSORIASIS 415 Emollients Improving?
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ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS INVOLVING TH
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ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS INVOLVING TH
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PART XIII THE EYE
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CHAPTER 52 DRUGS AND THE EYE ● In
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DRUGS USED TO CONSTRICT THE PUPIL A
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DRUGS USED TO TREAT INFLAMMATORY DI
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CONTACT LENS WEARERS 429 Table 52.6
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PART XIV CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
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CHAPTER 53 DRUGS AND ALCOHOL ABUSE
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OPIOID/NARCOTIC ANALGESICS 435 Tabl
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DRUGS THAT ALTER PERCEPTION 437 whi
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CENTRAL DEPRESSANTS 439 Peak plasma
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CENTRAL DEPRESSANTS 441 Key points
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MISCELLANEOUS 443 FURTHER READING G
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INTENTIONAL SELF-POISONING 445 Tabl
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INTENTIONAL SELF-POISONING 447 Tabl
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CRIMINAL POISONING 449 Commission o
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INDEX Note: Page numbers in italics
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INDEX 453 atrial fibrillation 217,
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INDEX 455 Cushing’s syndrome 302
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INDEX 457 5-fluorouracil 375-6 fluo
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INDEX 459 children 54 diazepam 108
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INDEX 461 non-steroidal anti-inflam
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INDEX 463 puberty (male), delay 314
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INDEX 465 tolerance 9, 433 benzodia
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Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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