True-Sport-Report

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Box A: Methods For this review, relevant research articles and reports were identified through a search of electronic databases as well as the Internet, using an extensive array of search terms to identify research on youth sport in general with particular emphasis on the following themes: • the role of sport for children and youth in self-respect, emotional health, and the development of moral and ethical principles; • influences or role models for children and youth; • cheating or integrity issues for children and youth; • performance-enhancing drugs and public opinion; • body weight/obesity and exercise and sport; • statistics or data on youth involvement in physical education and sport in school or the community; • influence of social media/social networking on youth sport involvement; • family or generational influences on involvement in youth sport; and • cross-cultural comparison of involvement in youth sport. Research articles were identified through a search of academic, medical, and public interest electronic databases including: • PubMed (MEDLINE) • SPORTDiscus TM database, produced by the Canadian not-for-profit corporation Sport Information Resource Centre (SIRC) • Ebsco MasterFILE TM Elite • Expanded Academic ASAP • Academic Search Premier • Google Scholar In addition, an Internet search identified government, foundation, association, and other sources of reports, statistics, books, and meeting proceedings. It also identified consumer Web sites and special interest sites. 24
II. The Role of True Sport in Promoting Health and Wellness Physical fitness is not only one of the most important keys to a healthy body, it is the basis of dynamic and creative intellectual . activity. John F. Kennedy, 35th President of the United States I think exercise tests us in so many ways, our skills, our hearts, our ability to bounce back after setbacks. This is the inner beauty of sports and competition, and it can serve us all well as . adult athletes. Peggy Fleming, Olympic Gold Medal Skater Engaging in sport and physical activities, including physical fitness activities, plays a significant role in promoting health and wellness among children and adolescents. Not only does such activity help improve the physical fitness and health of children and youth, but also it is an integral strategy for stemming childhood obesity—a critical health priority for our nation. The health benefits of physical activity are well documented. Health benefits that result from regular participation in physical activity include reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome and improving metabolic health in youth. 14 Such activity also benefits musculoskeletal health. “Compared to those who are inactive, physically active youth have higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and stronger muscles. They also typically have lower body fatness and their bones are stronger. Youth who are regularly active also have a better chance of a healthy adulthood” (p. 15). 14 Physical activity through sport makes it less likely that risk factors for chronic diseases, such as heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis, will develop later in life. 25
Page 1 and 2: True Sport: What We Stand to Lose i
Page 3 and 4: Contents Preface ..................
Page 5 and 6: Preface Sport plays a big part in o
Page 7: Values Make Differences Dear USADA,
Page 10 and 11: • overzealous parents; • intole
Page 12 and 13: • Youth tend to drop out of sport
Page 14 and 15: knowledge or the resources needed t
Page 16 and 17: What We Can Do to Achieve True Spor
Page 18 and 19: Which World Do You Want for Sport?
Page 21 and 22: I. Introduction People have been pl
Page 23 and 24: Those who play or have played sport
Page 25: development; role models and influe
Page 29 and 30: system, and immune system; promotes
Page 31 and 32: 29
Page 33 and 34: III. Psychological and Social Benef
Page 35 and 36: had specific character traits befor
Page 37 and 38: years, research has begun to explor
Page 39 and 40: Sport Alone Does Not Build Characte
Page 41 and 42: Optimizing the Potential Benefits o
Page 43 and 44: IV. Why We Play Sport and Why We St
Page 45 and 46: Recognizing Child Developmental Sta
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4: Reasons Why You No Longer
Page 49 and 50: into their sport. Cutting youth fro
Page 51 and 52: Hansen 112 surveyed high school foo
Page 53 and 54: Studies have found that a frequent
Page 55 and 56: V. The Importance of Others in True
Page 57 and 58: The Importance of Coaches and Coach
Page 59 and 60: Studies of Coach Effectiveness Trai
Page 61 and 62: has found that 10- to 16-year-olds
Page 63 and 64: sport behavior. When child athletes
Page 65 and 66: The Influence of Friends and Peers
Page 67 and 68: Professional Athletes Becoming a pr
Page 69 and 70: Creating a Landscape of Possibiliti
Page 71 and 72: VI. Ethics and Values Build True Sp
Page 73 and 74: Figure 8: Perceptions of Values Mos
Page 75 and 76: must-play rules, using smaller play
Page 77 and 78:
Figure 9: There Are Sports That Are
Page 79 and 80:
Figure 11: “Yes,” I Have Bent o
Page 81 and 82:
The Hall of Shame— Doping to Win
Page 83 and 84:
VII. Conclusions: What We Can Do to
Page 85 and 86:
sport. And if we let the desire to
Page 87 and 88:
Communities need to ensure that “
Page 89 and 90:
to say “no” to a sport culture
Page 91 and 92:
References 1. USADA. What Sport Mea
Page 93 and 94:
37. Weiss WM. Coaching your parents
Page 95 and 96:
81. Baker J, Logan AJ. Developmenta
Page 97 and 98:
126. Black SJ, Weiss MR. The relati
Page 99 and 100:
170. Arthur-Banning S, Wells MS, Ba
Page 101 and 102:
True Sport USA Report Team USADA’
Page 103 and 104:
and science policy. Before moving t
Page 105 and 106:
Sport in the United States Approxim
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