True-Sport-Report

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Figure 6: Positive Influence of Role Models on Young People (Based on general population adults ages 18-64) Coaches 12% 65% 77% Parents 15% 54% 69% Teammates 8% 60% 68% Teachers 12% 55% 67% Olympic athletes 17% 49% 66% College athletes 11% 45% 56% Professional athletes 12% 37% 49% Officials Spectators 6% 36% 6% 29% 35% 42% Completely positive Mostly positive Q 132: Please rate the following on their overall influence on young people – would you say the following generally have a... completely positive, mostly positive, neither positive nor negative, mostly negative or completely negative influence on youth today? Winter Games, research found that the U.S. Olympic Committee continues to be the most positively viewed sport organization of all American sports and that it was considered to be a more sportsmanlike organization (85 percent) than, for example, NCAA (56 percent). Those surveyed expressed positive views about Olympic athletes, with 84 percent saying they are positive role models for children (compared to 37 percent for NCAA athletes) and 75 percent saying they uphold a strong moral and ethical code. Significantly, although 32 percent of respondents want Americans to win the Olympic medal count, 59 percent say it is more important to demonstrate good sportsmanship. 124 Among children and youth participating in the Sport in America survey, teenagers were more likely than children ages 8 to 10 and tweens to give most role models less positive ratings, including coaches, parents, teachers, officials, and spectators, while rating Olympic and college athletes more positively than did younger players. The Sport in America research found that coaches rank as the number one positive influence on today’s youth, according to the majority of respondents. This makes coaches, perhaps even more so than parents and teachers, the guardians of youth sport. These adults are closest to youth sport participants (both proximally and emotionally) and are generally perceived as having a positive influence on young people. 54
The Importance of Coaches and Coaching For most athletes involved in sport, their coach is an influential element of the competitive experience. The Sport in America survey found that coaches are a leading positive influence on today’s youth. Respondents were asked to rate the overall influence of a variety of groups on young people. Across all major demographic groups, coaches rank as the number one positive influence on youth today. At their best, coaches can help their players improve their skills, perform to their best ability, develop strong character, and gain confidence. That is, they can maximize the positive value of sport, and they can enhance the intrinsic motivation to play sport. 125,126 The intrinsic values of sport and the experience of mastery are more likely to generate fair play and good sportsmanship. Coaches who overvalue winning can create an environment in which unsportsmanlike behavior flourishes. 127 At their worst, coaches can push the psychological, emotional, and physical limits of their players to the point of harm, create a hostile and unfair environment, and turn young athletes away from sport forever. A study by Baker et al. 128 identified the relationship between athlete sport anxiety and various outcomes (e.g., performance and dropout). Athletes were asked to relate seven coaching behaviors—physical training, mental preparation, goal setting, technical skills, competition strategies, personal rapport, and negative personal rapport—to various forms of sport anxiety (total anxiety, somatic anxiety, concentration disruption, and worry). The investigators found that negative personal rapport was a significant predictor of all My responsibility is . leadership, and the . minute I get negative, . that is going to have an influence on my team. Don Shula. American Football Player and Coach A good coach will make his players see what they can be rather than what they are. Ara Parasheghian. College Football Coach 55
Page 1 and 2:
True Sport: What We Stand to Lose i
Page 3 and 4:
Contents Preface ..................
Page 5 and 6: Preface Sport plays a big part in o
Page 7: Values Make Differences Dear USADA,
Page 10 and 11: • overzealous parents; • intole
Page 12 and 13: • Youth tend to drop out of sport
Page 14 and 15: knowledge or the resources needed t
Page 16 and 17: What We Can Do to Achieve True Spor
Page 18 and 19: Which World Do You Want for Sport?
Page 21 and 22: I. Introduction People have been pl
Page 23 and 24: Those who play or have played sport
Page 25 and 26: development; role models and influe
Page 27 and 28: II. The Role of True Sport in Promo
Page 29 and 30: system, and immune system; promotes
Page 31 and 32: 29
Page 33 and 34: III. Psychological and Social Benef
Page 35 and 36: had specific character traits befor
Page 37 and 38: years, research has begun to explor
Page 39 and 40: Sport Alone Does Not Build Characte
Page 41 and 42: Optimizing the Potential Benefits o
Page 43 and 44: IV. Why We Play Sport and Why We St
Page 45 and 46: Recognizing Child Developmental Sta
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4: Reasons Why You No Longer
Page 49 and 50: into their sport. Cutting youth fro
Page 51 and 52: Hansen 112 surveyed high school foo
Page 53 and 54: Studies have found that a frequent
Page 55: V. The Importance of Others in True
Page 59 and 60: Studies of Coach Effectiveness Trai
Page 61 and 62: has found that 10- to 16-year-olds
Page 63 and 64: sport behavior. When child athletes
Page 65 and 66: The Influence of Friends and Peers
Page 67 and 68: Professional Athletes Becoming a pr
Page 69 and 70: Creating a Landscape of Possibiliti
Page 71 and 72: VI. Ethics and Values Build True Sp
Page 73 and 74: Figure 8: Perceptions of Values Mos
Page 75 and 76: must-play rules, using smaller play
Page 77 and 78: Figure 9: There Are Sports That Are
Page 79 and 80: Figure 11: “Yes,” I Have Bent o
Page 81 and 82: The Hall of Shame— Doping to Win
Page 83 and 84: VII. Conclusions: What We Can Do to
Page 85 and 86: sport. And if we let the desire to
Page 87 and 88: Communities need to ensure that “
Page 89 and 90: to say “no” to a sport culture
Page 91 and 92: References 1. USADA. What Sport Mea
Page 93 and 94: 37. Weiss WM. Coaching your parents
Page 95 and 96: 81. Baker J, Logan AJ. Developmenta
Page 97 and 98: 126. Black SJ, Weiss MR. The relati
Page 99 and 100: 170. Arthur-Banning S, Wells MS, Ba
Page 101 and 102: True Sport USA Report Team USADA’
Page 103 and 104: and science policy. Before moving t
Page 105 and 106: Sport in the United States Approxim
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