True-Sport-Report

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Children likewise understand that the issue of rule breaking in sport is complex and point out circumstances and situations where they believe that breaking the rules is not the equivalent of cheating. First, informal play (gym class, recess, playground) is more lenient when it comes to following the rules, and children are less concerned with winning in these arenas and may even devise their own rules. Second, accidental or minor violations such as unintentionally breaking the rules as a result of aggressive play are not regarded at the same level as deliberate or malicious rule breaking. Third, there are instances in sport where the principles of honor and respect justify not following the rules, such as not continuing to score points when a team has already sealed its victory. If you accidentally get a handball . in soccer it is breaking the rules but . it sometimes can’t be helped if the . ball is kicked right at you (female, . seventh grade). When asked about their motive for bending or breaking the rules in sport, adults who cheated are most apt to say they like being a “winner,” which highlights the negative influence of “winning at any cost.” However, one in five admitted cheaters claim they did not realize they were breaking the rules. The good news is that a majority of children agree that sport does a good job teaching them a host of values. 1 Foremost, children agree that sport teaches them to have fun, be part of a team, be competitive in a good way, and play fair. 78
The Hall of Shame— Doping to Win Fair play, both in academics and sport, is a concept that is challenged by the notion of performance enhancement. Both cognitive and physical performance can be viewed as potentially enhanceable, and arguments can be made that enhancement can serve two purposes: 1) gaining an edge or 2) keeping up with others (who may or may not have used performance-enhancing substances). A study by Donohue et al. 152 found that student athletes consistently reported pressure to use performance-enhancing drugs. The <strong>Sport</strong> in America survey found that a majority of adults (75 percent) agree that athletes’ use of performance-enhancing substances is a violation of ethics in sport. This is further underscored by the fact that Americans rank the use of performance-enhancing drugs as the most serious problem facing sport today, closely followed by the focus on money and the criminal behavior of well-known athletes. When serious cheating does occur, adults favor punishment. For example, there is broad support for punishing Olympic athletes who use performance-enhancing drugs. More than three-quarters of adults think that Olympic athletes who cheat in this way should be held accountable. The use of such performance enhancers is overwhelmingly associated with ethics in sport, and athletes who use them are seen as personally unethical. If you can react the . same way to winning . and losing, that’s a . big accomplishment. . That quality is important . because it stays with you the rest of your life, . and there’s going to be a life after tennis that’s . a lot longer than . your tennis life. Chris Evert. Grand Slam Champion . Professional Tennis Player 79
Page 1 and 2:
True Sport: What We Stand to Lose i
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Contents Preface ..................
Page 5 and 6:
Preface Sport plays a big part in o
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Values Make Differences Dear USADA,
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• overzealous parents; • intole
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• Youth tend to drop out of sport
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knowledge or the resources needed t
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What We Can Do to Achieve True Spor
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Which World Do You Want for Sport?
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I. Introduction People have been pl
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Those who play or have played sport
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development; role models and influe
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II. The Role of True Sport in Promo
Page 29 and 30: system, and immune system; promotes
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Page 33 and 34: III. Psychological and Social Benef
Page 35 and 36: had specific character traits befor
Page 37 and 38: years, research has begun to explor
Page 39 and 40: Sport Alone Does Not Build Characte
Page 41 and 42: Optimizing the Potential Benefits o
Page 43 and 44: IV. Why We Play Sport and Why We St
Page 45 and 46: Recognizing Child Developmental Sta
Page 47 and 48: Figure 4: Reasons Why You No Longer
Page 49 and 50: into their sport. Cutting youth fro
Page 51 and 52: Hansen 112 surveyed high school foo
Page 53 and 54: Studies have found that a frequent
Page 55 and 56: V. The Importance of Others in True
Page 57 and 58: The Importance of Coaches and Coach
Page 59 and 60: Studies of Coach Effectiveness Trai
Page 61 and 62: has found that 10- to 16-year-olds
Page 63 and 64: sport behavior. When child athletes
Page 65 and 66: The Influence of Friends and Peers
Page 67 and 68: Professional Athletes Becoming a pr
Page 69 and 70: Creating a Landscape of Possibiliti
Page 71 and 72: VI. Ethics and Values Build True Sp
Page 73 and 74: Figure 8: Perceptions of Values Mos
Page 75 and 76: must-play rules, using smaller play
Page 77 and 78: Figure 9: There Are Sports That Are
Page 79: Figure 11: “Yes,” I Have Bent o
Page 83 and 84: VII. Conclusions: What We Can Do to
Page 85 and 86: sport. And if we let the desire to
Page 87 and 88: Communities need to ensure that “
Page 89 and 90: to say “no” to a sport culture
Page 91 and 92: References 1. USADA. What Sport Mea
Page 93 and 94: 37. Weiss WM. Coaching your parents
Page 95 and 96: 81. Baker J, Logan AJ. Developmenta
Page 97 and 98: 126. Black SJ, Weiss MR. The relati
Page 99 and 100: 170. Arthur-Banning S, Wells MS, Ba
Page 101 and 102: True Sport USA Report Team USADA’
Page 103 and 104: and science policy. Before moving t
Page 105 and 106: Sport in the United States Approxim
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