CORDIO Status Report 2000

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within each depth zone (5 m and 10 m). Individual coral colonies within the quadrats (recruits, survivors and fragments of survivors) were identified to the lowest taxonomic level. Colony sizes (maximum and minimum diameters) were measured with vernier calipers and the condition of the colony (live, dead, partial mortality) noted. In this study, recruits were defined as the recently settled individuals that have survived for a period after settlement and are large enough to be detected in the field (usually around 5 mm). This represents a measure of new individuals entering a population. Observers were trained to recognise fragments of older colonies and surviving colonies. If observers could not distinguish between fragments, survivors or recruits they were omitted. Line intercept transect data were also collected describing the benthos at each site to determine the percentage cover of live coral and other major constituents of the reef benthos. Sites Sites were selected on the basis of 1) data from previous studies and 2) protection from interference from other reef users. Three sites were selected in North Malé Atoll (Figure 1): the reef at Bandos Island, (a tourist resort 2.5 km from Malé), Udhafushi (a faro to the north west of Bandos) and the reef at Feydhoo Finolhu (1 km north west of Malé). An additional three sites were selected in Vaavu Atoll (Figure 2): Wattaru, Vaavu (a patch reef), and Foththeyo. In North Male atoll sites will be sampled every three months and in Vaavu atoll the sampling frequency will be every six months to coincide with the GCRMN reef monitoring programme. PRELIMINARY RESULTS Coral settlement tiles An initial examination of a sub-sample of settling tiles during February 2000 revealed no coral recruitment during the first two months of the study. Initial evaluation of succession - The composition of the benthic community was examined under a binocular NORTH MALE’ ATOLL Udhafushi Bandos Feydhoo Finolhu Figure 1. Map of the North Malé atoll showing the location of the study sites. microscope and the percent cover of the main benthic colonisers estimated visually. Space on the tiles was rapidly colonised. The outer surfaces were dominated by green algae (40%) and the inner surfaces by bryozoans (50%), polycheates (10%) and ascidians (5%). Both inner and outer tiles had a covering of red coralline algae at the outer margins (5 mm –10 mm). Next steps - The first set of tiles will be retrieved in mid March. Additional information will be collected on ben- – 171 –
Figure 2. Map of the Vaavu atoll showing the location of the study sites. Fussfaruhuraa Kunaavashi Falhu Felidhoo Kudiboli Dhiggiri Alimathaa FELHIDHOO ATOLL (VAAVU) Aarah Hulhidhoo FELIDHOO Keyodhoo Thinadhoo Giraa Falhu Fothteyo-bodufushi Kandinma Falhu Kuda Anbaraa Anbaraa Medhugiri Ruhhurihuraa Higaakulhi Thunduhuraa Bodumohoraa Rakeedhoo Vattaru Falhu Vattarurah thic community development to evaluate patterns of succession and competition. A grid point method will be adopted to estimate cover, species richness and community development (see Fairfull & Harriot, 1999). In-situ mapping for coral recruitment Initial results from Feydhoo Finolhu, North Malé atoll A total of 88 coral recruits were found within 26 m 2 and 19 m 2 sampled at depths of 5 m and 10 m respectively. At 5 m recruits constituted 49% of all corals observed, fragments 35% and the remaining 16% were colonies that had survived the bleaching. At 10 m more adult colonies survived (28%) and persisted as fragments (42%). Only 30% of colonies observed were recruits (see Figure 3). Despite the sample size being too small to draw solid conclusions, recruitment was slightly higher at 5 m than at 10 m whereas fragments and survivors were more abundant at 10 m. Number/m 2 50 40 30 20 10 0 Recruits Fragments Survivors Status of colonies 5 m 10 m Figure 3. The mean density/m 2 of coral colonies classified as 1) recruits, 2) fragments and 3) survivors at two depths at Feydhoo Finolhu in February 2000. Error bars = +1 SD between replicate quadrats. – 172 –
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CORAL REEF DEGRADATION IN THE INDIA
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Foreword The temperatures of the wo
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Address by the Global Coral Reef Mo
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Table of contents FORWARD 3 ADDRESS
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Executive Summary The World Conserv
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to date. Working group discussions
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Biophysical Generally, region-wide
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species exhibit different tolerance
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er-term, “shifting baselines” i
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flow diagram presented below. CORDI
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SECTION I Status Reports - 21 -
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East Africa - Summary DAVID OBURA C
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Kenya, reef status and ecology DAVI
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BENTHIC COMMUNITIES Benthic communi
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Figure 2. Three strategies for blea
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% cover % cover 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
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Table 3: Population densities and s
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Assessment of coral reef degradatio
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Table 1. Reef stations surveyed in
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live coral cover for Mbudya Marine
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Table 5. Some environmental paramet
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Coral reef monitoring and managemen
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L impopo Maputo Sa ve River Riv er
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category) and size classes (total n
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The status of South African coral r
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South Asia - Summary DAN WILHELMSSO
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SRI LANKA Most shallow coral reef h
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corals in Sri Lanka is relatively h
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Figure 1. Distribution of coral ree
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Kandakuliya Most of the nearshore r
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shallow water (0 m - 3 m) on the re
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Rajasuriya, A & De Silva, M.W.R.N.
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In each of these regions three reef
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Table 4. Summary data from transect
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The status of the coral reefs of In
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Relative importance in total landin
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Small pelagics Large pelagics Demer
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Indian Ocean Islands - Summary SUSI
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The reefs of the granitic islands o
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onies damaged was recorded using th
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FAMILY GENUS SPECIES DEAD SURVIVING
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FAMILY GENUS SPECIES DEAD SURVIVING
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Figure 10. Recruit on consolidated
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Reef systems of the islands of the
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Figure 2. Coral condition by locati
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At the Bank’s northern and southe
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chelles (Turner et al., this volume
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the shallow bays of Balaclava Marin
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Development of a geographical infor
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2 1,8 1,6 Mean Bleaching Score 1,4
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Meteorological data from the period
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Figure 16. Total sunshine (hrs) per
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solar irradiance. In Thailand, loca
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Harriott, V.J. 1985. Mortality rate
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Table 1. Location of CORDIO monitor
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Figure 1. Recovery from settlement
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that due to its low impact, dead co
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Map of the Western Indian Ocean wit
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In April 1998, close to the peak of
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Pachyseris, Turbinaria spp.) and en
Page 122 and 123: Partial mortality of Favites flexuo
Page 124 and 125: REFERENCES Barnes, J., Bellamy, D.J
Page 126 and 127: SECTION II Environmental Monitoring
Page 128 and 129: Sea surface temperature in the west
Page 130 and 131: Temperature and water exchange in a
Page 132 and 133: Figure 2a. Time series temperature
Page 134 and 135: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 136 and 137: Figure 2. Settlement plates for cor
Page 138 and 139: REFERENCES CARICOMP. 1994. Manual o
Page 140 and 141: Figure 2. Two possible recoveries f
Page 142 and 143: SECTION III Thematic/Research Repor
Page 144 and 145: Socio-economic assessment of the im
Page 146 and 147: to escape predation (Williams, 1991
Page 148 and 149: Table 4 Demersal fish landings in 1
Page 150 and 151: mersal species have not been heavil
Page 152 and 153: Therefore, it must be concluded tha
Page 154 and 155: ▲ Level of importance 35 30 25 20
Page 156 and 157: very few come specifically for reef
Page 158 and 159: Percentage 28% Food and beverages w
Page 160 and 161: Anonymous. 1998b. Basic Fisheries S
Page 162 and 163: has a 4 m tidal range) dominated by
Page 164 and 165: Table 1. Comparison of the gross be
Page 166 and 167: Greenstein, B.J., Curran, H.A. & Po
Page 168 and 169: to assess ciguatera risk by impleme
Page 170 and 171: Evaluation of succession and coral
Page 174 and 175: The taxonomic patterns of coral rec
Page 176 and 177: dives, this study has demonstrated
Page 178 and 179: Bioerosive processes An important a
Page 180 and 181: each of the three different fish co
Page 182 and 183: Figure 1. Coral fragments transplan
Page 184 and 185: Pavona Echinopora 50 100 50 100 Gro
Page 186 and 187: A low-tech method for reef rehabili
Page 188 and 189: Impacts of bleaching on coral commu
Page 190 and 191: anching and massive corals (Plate 1
Page 192 and 193: es, metal bars and PVC surfaces. No
Page 194 and 195: strate that supports a low percenta
Page 196 and 197: egeneration and prevent further des
Page 198 and 199: APPENDICES - 197 -
Page 200 and 201: Coral Reef Degradation in the India
Page 202 and 203: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS LIONEL BIGOT A
Page 204 and 205: AGNETHA NILSSON Programme Officer U
Page 206 and 207: DR. SUE WELLS Co-ordinator, E.A. Ma
Page 208 and 209: - 207 -
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CORDIO Status Report 2000

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