CORDIO Status Report 2000

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category) and size classes (total number of individuals from a specific size class for each family). Mobile invertebrates included echinoderms (sea urchins, sea stars and holothurians), molluscs (giant clams), lobsters, and sea anemones. The visual census was conducted following the fish using a 2.5 m wide band along the 50 m transect, giving a total area of 125 m 2 . If conditions were too rough to lay a transect, the point count method was used. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The condition of reefs surveyed varied between healthy to heavily impacted by natural and anthropogenic factors (Table 1). Many reefs are degraded from bleaching and the ravages of crown-of-thorns starfish. Coral cover was highest on the reefs of northern Mozambique and in marine protected areas (Figure 2). The high cover of rock and algal surfaces reflects mortality that was reported at these sites in earlier surveys (Figure 2, and Sencar Sete Paus Anchor Bay Sencar Sete Paus Anchor Bay P. Maunhane Goa I. Mike’s Cupboard P. Maunhane Goa I. Mike’s Cupboard Lighthouse B. Vermelha P. Torres Lighthouse B. Vermelha P. Torres Coral Dead Coral Carnivores Corallivores Dead coral & Algae Rock Herbivores Omnivores Rock & Algae Sand Planktivores Other Soft Coral Other Figure 2. Benthic cover categories of permanent monitoring sites. The top three cover categories are shown for each site, the remainder grouped as “other”. Lighthouse Reef, Barreira Vermelha and Punta Torres are in Marine Protected Areas. Figure 3. Dominant fish trophic groups of permanent monitoring sites. The top three trophic groups are shown for each site, the remainder grouped as “other”. Lighthouse Reef, Barreira Vermelha and Punta Torres are in Marine Protected Areas. – 47 –
Schleyer et al., 1999). There is evidence of recovery on some reefs on which soft corals are the primary colonisers. Fish populations in the north and in protected areas were dominated by carnivores (Figure 3), following a similar pattern to that of coral cover. High fishing pressure on the other reefs was shown by the small size classes of fish and the dominance of herbivores, which are least preferred by fishermen. The results show that reefs in protected areas are in better condition than unprotected reefs. However, considering the size of the Mozambique coastline, very little is protected in only three protected areas. Protected areas are important sources of invertebrates and fish larvae to adjacent areas. In addition, the fact that almost no turtles and few large fish were seen on the reefs surveyed is indicative that management measures need to be taken. Also, it should be taken into consideration that tourism and diving are growing industries in this country. Thus, there is an urgent need for establishment of more protected areas and sanctuaries to conserve biodiversity and provide breeding reservoirs. To ensure the successful management of Mozambique’s coral reefs monitoring, of the type reported here, must continue and be expanded to include additional sites and also more detailed studies conducted on priority issues. REFERENCES English, S., Wilkinson, C. & Baker, V. (eds.). 1994. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources. 368 p. Townsville, Australian Institute of Marine Science. INE, 1999. II recenseamento Geral da Populacção e Habitação, 1997 – Resultados Definitivos – Moçambique (II General Population and Housing Census – Final Results – Mozambique, Maputo, March, 1997). 106 p + Annexes. Rodrigues, M.J., Motta, H., Pereira, M., Gonçalves, M., Carvalho, M. & Schleyer, M. 1999. Monitoring Programme and 1999 report, MICOA- ORI-IIP, Maputo, 64 p. Schleyer, M., Obura, D., Motta, H. & Rodrigues, M.J. 1999. A Preliminary assessment of coral bleaching in Mozambique. In: Lindén, O. & Sporrong, N. (eds.) Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian Ocean: status reports and project presentations 1999, <strong>CORDIO</strong>, pp. 37-42. – 48 –
Page 2 and 3: CORAL REEF DEGRADATION IN THE INDIA
Page 4 and 5: Foreword The temperatures of the wo
Page 6 and 7: Address by the Global Coral Reef Mo
Page 8 and 9: Table of contents FORWARD 3 ADDRESS
Page 10 and 11: Executive Summary The World Conserv
Page 12 and 13: to date. Working group discussions
Page 14 and 15: Biophysical Generally, region-wide
Page 16 and 17: species exhibit different tolerance
Page 18 and 19: er-term, “shifting baselines” i
Page 20 and 21: flow diagram presented below. CORDI
Page 22 and 23: SECTION I Status Reports - 21 -
Page 24 and 25: East Africa - Summary DAVID OBURA C
Page 26 and 27: Kenya, reef status and ecology DAVI
Page 28 and 29: BENTHIC COMMUNITIES Benthic communi
Page 30 and 31: Figure 2. Three strategies for blea
Page 32 and 33: % cover % cover 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
Page 34 and 35: Table 3: Population densities and s
Page 36 and 37: Assessment of coral reef degradatio
Page 38 and 39: Table 1. Reef stations surveyed in
Page 40 and 41: live coral cover for Mbudya Marine
Page 42 and 43: Table 5. Some environmental paramet
Page 44 and 45: Coral reef monitoring and managemen
Page 46 and 47: L impopo Maputo Sa ve River Riv er
Page 50 and 51: The status of South African coral r
Page 52 and 53: South Asia - Summary DAN WILHELMSSO
Page 54 and 55: SRI LANKA Most shallow coral reef h
Page 56 and 57: corals in Sri Lanka is relatively h
Page 58 and 59: Figure 1. Distribution of coral ree
Page 60 and 61: Kandakuliya Most of the nearshore r
Page 62 and 63: shallow water (0 m - 3 m) on the re
Page 64 and 65: Rajasuriya, A & De Silva, M.W.R.N.
Page 66 and 67: In each of these regions three reef
Page 68 and 69: Table 4. Summary data from transect
Page 70 and 71: The status of the coral reefs of In
Page 72 and 73: Relative importance in total landin
Page 74 and 75: Small pelagics Large pelagics Demer
Page 76 and 77: Indian Ocean Islands - Summary SUSI
Page 78 and 79: The reefs of the granitic islands o
Page 80 and 81: onies damaged was recorded using th
Page 82 and 83: FAMILY GENUS SPECIES DEAD SURVIVING
Page 84 and 85: FAMILY GENUS SPECIES DEAD SURVIVING
Page 86 and 87: Figure 10. Recruit on consolidated
Page 88 and 89: Reef systems of the islands of the
Page 90 and 91: Figure 2. Coral condition by locati
Page 92 and 93: At the Bank’s northern and southe
Page 94 and 95: chelles (Turner et al., this volume
Page 96 and 97: the shallow bays of Balaclava Marin
Page 98 and 99:
Development of a geographical infor
Page 100 and 101:
2 1,8 1,6 Mean Bleaching Score 1,4
Page 102 and 103:
Meteorological data from the period
Page 104 and 105:
Figure 16. Total sunshine (hrs) per
Page 106 and 107:
solar irradiance. In Thailand, loca
Page 108 and 109:
Harriott, V.J. 1985. Mortality rate
Page 110 and 111:
Table 1. Location of CORDIO monitor
Page 112 and 113:
Figure 1. Recovery from settlement
Page 114 and 115:
that due to its low impact, dead co
Page 116 and 117:
Map of the Western Indian Ocean wit
Page 118 and 119:
In April 1998, close to the peak of
Page 120 and 121:
Pachyseris, Turbinaria spp.) and en
Page 122 and 123:
Partial mortality of Favites flexuo
Page 124 and 125:
REFERENCES Barnes, J., Bellamy, D.J
Page 126 and 127:
SECTION II Environmental Monitoring
Page 128 and 129:
Sea surface temperature in the west
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Temperature and water exchange in a
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Figure 2a. Time series temperature
Page 134 and 135:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 136 and 137:
Figure 2. Settlement plates for cor
Page 138 and 139:
REFERENCES CARICOMP. 1994. Manual o
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Figure 2. Two possible recoveries f
Page 142 and 143:
SECTION III Thematic/Research Repor
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Socio-economic assessment of the im
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to escape predation (Williams, 1991
Page 148 and 149:
Table 4 Demersal fish landings in 1
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mersal species have not been heavil
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Therefore, it must be concluded tha
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▲ Level of importance 35 30 25 20
Page 156 and 157:
very few come specifically for reef
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Percentage 28% Food and beverages w
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Anonymous. 1998b. Basic Fisheries S
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has a 4 m tidal range) dominated by
Page 164 and 165:
Table 1. Comparison of the gross be
Page 166 and 167:
Greenstein, B.J., Curran, H.A. & Po
Page 168 and 169:
to assess ciguatera risk by impleme
Page 170 and 171:
Evaluation of succession and coral
Page 172 and 173:
within each depth zone (5 m and 10
Page 174 and 175:
The taxonomic patterns of coral rec
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dives, this study has demonstrated
Page 178 and 179:
Bioerosive processes An important a
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each of the three different fish co
Page 182 and 183:
Figure 1. Coral fragments transplan
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Pavona Echinopora 50 100 50 100 Gro
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A low-tech method for reef rehabili
Page 188 and 189:
Impacts of bleaching on coral commu
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anching and massive corals (Plate 1
Page 192 and 193:
es, metal bars and PVC surfaces. No
Page 194 and 195:
strate that supports a low percenta
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egeneration and prevent further des
Page 198 and 199:
APPENDICES - 197 -
Page 200 and 201:
Coral Reef Degradation in the India
Page 202 and 203:
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS LIONEL BIGOT A
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AGNETHA NILSSON Programme Officer U
Page 206 and 207:
DR. SUE WELLS Co-ordinator, E.A. Ma
Page 208 and 209:
- 207 -
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