CORDIO Status Report 2000

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Figure 2. Coral condition by location. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Alphonse St Pierre Providence Recently Dead Bleached Unbleached Figure 3. Coral condition over time at Alphonse Atoll at a) 10 m and b) 15 m water depth for March and May 1998 survey periods. 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% March 10m May 10m March 15m May 15m appeared to be a common occurrence creating a temperature differentiation of approximately 3º C - 6º C. This phenomenon could have mitigated the impact of the anomalous 1998 sea-surface temperatures which caused the widespread coral bleaching. A year after the bleaching event (February - March 1999) the shallow (8-15m) outer slope, was dominated by dead coral and coral rubble composed of substantial quantities of dead branching coral. The dead coral surfaces on the NW and SW slopes were dominated by the reticulate, foliaceous, green alga Microdictyon. Observations in November 1999 showed that this cover has persisted although the alga has been substantially grazed. Pocilloporid and acroporid recruits (3-5 cm diameter) were observed in November 1999 but these were very few. The largest cover percentage of live coral was found in the NE and SE spur and groove zone (
in the 10 m - 20 m depth range appeared to be in a more advanced stage of bleaching-related mortality than those in the shallower 3 m to 10 m depth range. In addition, at windward sites, many of the smaller massive (e.g. Favia pallida) and encrusting coral colonies displayed no evidence of bleaching in spite of the high general levels of incidence at these locations (Figure 4). In February 1999 the shallow slopes (5 m - 15 m) of St. Pierre on the leeward side (NW) with a low gradient (10º) recorded up to 95% mortality in branching corals (Acropora spp. and Pocillopora spp.). Mortality was less on the windward side where coral rubble, probably a result of high levels of hydrodynamic activity, was common. Massive, sub-massive and encrusting species displayed partial and sporadic mortality in all sites surveyed here. The deep slope substrate (20 m - 25 m) in the N and NE, was mainly composed of sand and rubble, but 1 m tall Tubastrea micrantha trees grow every 1 m - 2 m. Also at this depth were live and recovered colonies of Pachyseris, Pectinia, Lobophyllia, Pocillopora, Millepora, Acropora and Porites. Coral recruits (
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CORAL REEF DEGRADATION IN THE INDIA
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Foreword The temperatures of the wo
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Address by the Global Coral Reef Mo
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Table of contents FORWARD 3 ADDRESS
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Executive Summary The World Conserv
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to date. Working group discussions
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Biophysical Generally, region-wide
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species exhibit different tolerance
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er-term, “shifting baselines” i
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flow diagram presented below. CORDI
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SECTION I Status Reports - 21 -
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East Africa - Summary DAVID OBURA C
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Kenya, reef status and ecology DAVI
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BENTHIC COMMUNITIES Benthic communi
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Figure 2. Three strategies for blea
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% cover % cover 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
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Table 3: Population densities and s
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Assessment of coral reef degradatio
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Table 1. Reef stations surveyed in
Page 40 and 41: live coral cover for Mbudya Marine
Page 42 and 43: Table 5. Some environmental paramet
Page 44 and 45: Coral reef monitoring and managemen
Page 46 and 47: L impopo Maputo Sa ve River Riv er
Page 48 and 49: category) and size classes (total n
Page 50 and 51: The status of South African coral r
Page 52 and 53: South Asia - Summary DAN WILHELMSSO
Page 54 and 55: SRI LANKA Most shallow coral reef h
Page 56 and 57: corals in Sri Lanka is relatively h
Page 58 and 59: Figure 1. Distribution of coral ree
Page 60 and 61: Kandakuliya Most of the nearshore r
Page 62 and 63: shallow water (0 m - 3 m) on the re
Page 64 and 65: Rajasuriya, A & De Silva, M.W.R.N.
Page 66 and 67: In each of these regions three reef
Page 68 and 69: Table 4. Summary data from transect
Page 70 and 71: The status of the coral reefs of In
Page 72 and 73: Relative importance in total landin
Page 74 and 75: Small pelagics Large pelagics Demer
Page 76 and 77: Indian Ocean Islands - Summary SUSI
Page 78 and 79: The reefs of the granitic islands o
Page 80 and 81: onies damaged was recorded using th
Page 82 and 83: FAMILY GENUS SPECIES DEAD SURVIVING
Page 84 and 85: FAMILY GENUS SPECIES DEAD SURVIVING
Page 86 and 87: Figure 10. Recruit on consolidated
Page 88 and 89: Reef systems of the islands of the
Page 92 and 93: At the Bank’s northern and southe
Page 94 and 95: chelles (Turner et al., this volume
Page 96 and 97: the shallow bays of Balaclava Marin
Page 98 and 99: Development of a geographical infor
Page 100 and 101: 2 1,8 1,6 Mean Bleaching Score 1,4
Page 102 and 103: Meteorological data from the period
Page 104 and 105: Figure 16. Total sunshine (hrs) per
Page 106 and 107: solar irradiance. In Thailand, loca
Page 108 and 109: Harriott, V.J. 1985. Mortality rate
Page 110 and 111: Table 1. Location of CORDIO monitor
Page 112 and 113: Figure 1. Recovery from settlement
Page 114 and 115: that due to its low impact, dead co
Page 116 and 117: Map of the Western Indian Ocean wit
Page 118 and 119: In April 1998, close to the peak of
Page 120 and 121: Pachyseris, Turbinaria spp.) and en
Page 122 and 123: Partial mortality of Favites flexuo
Page 124 and 125: REFERENCES Barnes, J., Bellamy, D.J
Page 126 and 127: SECTION II Environmental Monitoring
Page 128 and 129: Sea surface temperature in the west
Page 130 and 131: Temperature and water exchange in a
Page 132 and 133: Figure 2a. Time series temperature
Page 134 and 135: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
Page 136 and 137: Figure 2. Settlement plates for cor
Page 138 and 139: REFERENCES CARICOMP. 1994. Manual o
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Figure 2. Two possible recoveries f
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SECTION III Thematic/Research Repor
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Socio-economic assessment of the im
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to escape predation (Williams, 1991
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Table 4 Demersal fish landings in 1
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mersal species have not been heavil
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Therefore, it must be concluded tha
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▲ Level of importance 35 30 25 20
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very few come specifically for reef
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Percentage 28% Food and beverages w
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Anonymous. 1998b. Basic Fisheries S
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has a 4 m tidal range) dominated by
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Table 1. Comparison of the gross be
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Greenstein, B.J., Curran, H.A. & Po
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to assess ciguatera risk by impleme
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Evaluation of succession and coral
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within each depth zone (5 m and 10
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The taxonomic patterns of coral rec
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dives, this study has demonstrated
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Bioerosive processes An important a
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each of the three different fish co
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Figure 1. Coral fragments transplan
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Pavona Echinopora 50 100 50 100 Gro
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A low-tech method for reef rehabili
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Impacts of bleaching on coral commu
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anching and massive corals (Plate 1
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es, metal bars and PVC surfaces. No
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strate that supports a low percenta
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egeneration and prevent further des
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APPENDICES - 197 -
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Coral Reef Degradation in the India
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS LIONEL BIGOT A
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AGNETHA NILSSON Programme Officer U
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DR. SUE WELLS Co-ordinator, E.A. Ma
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- 207 -
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CORDIO Status Report 2000

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