CORDIO Status Report 2000

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Figure 10. Recruit on consolidated substrate. Figure 11. Recruit vulnerable to predation by urchins. Figure12. Recruit on unconsolidated substrate and vulnerable to abrasion. DISCUSSION The coral reefs of the Seychelles granitic islands have suffered severe degradation during the two-year period following the 1997/98 mass coral bleaching event, and signs of recovery are slight. Live coral cover has been reduced to less than 10% on most reefs around the inner islands, and partial mortality of colonies is high. Although hard coral cover was rarely 100% before mass mortality, this still represents a major reduction from the 35-80% hard coral cover typical of reef slopes e.g. Baie Ternay, (TMRU, 1996) and 25-40% hard coral cover typical of patch reefs e.g. Coral Garden, Curieuse (TMRU, 1997). In common with many other reefs throughout the Indian Ocean region, the massive and sub-massive corals survived the mass mortality, particularly Porites, Goniopora, Acanthastrea and Diploastrea. Branching and tabular Acropora and branching Pocillopora were mostly dead and are now either standing or reduced to rubble. However, care is required in assessing rubble, since broken Acropora is a common component of these reefs (Braithwaite, 1971; Rosen, 1971). There is no indication that reefs further away from the main islands of Mahe and Praslin faired any better, and conversely more remnant corals were recorded from lower reef slopes in turbid water, especially around the main island of Mahe (such as Beau Vallon Bay and adjacent to the harbour on Mahe). Dead standing coral is brittle and is reduced to rubble at exposed sites where it remains largely unconsolidated, becoming mobile in storm waves causing abrasion. Calcareous algae, zoanthids and corallimorpharians are binding rubble in shallow waters in sheltered sites. A total of 109 species and 42 genera of scleractinian corals were recorded from granitic island sites during the January <strong>2000</strong> survey (although some species were represented by only one colony), compared to 143 species in 55 genera listed for the whole Seychelles archipelago (granitic and coralline islands combined, including deep sites) by Sheppard (1998). The 13 genera not found during the January <strong>2000</strong> survey were Heteropsammia, Trachiphyllia, Euphyllia, Catalaphyllia, Seriatopora, Ana- – 85 –
cropora, Stylaraea, Anomastrea, Cosinarea, Pachyseris, Mycedium, Cynarina, and Caulastrea. The coral diversity for the granitics is comparable with those of surveys conducted prior to the mass mortality event. TMRU (1996) recorded 31 genera and 69 species from the Baie Ternay area of Mahe, and 36 genera and 84 species from Curieuse (TMRU, 1997). The Dutch Tyro expedition recorded 37 genera and 109 species from the Seychelles Plateau around Mahe (van der Land, 1994). Thus, the preliminary results presented here indicate that most species of corals have survived somewhere in the region, but that diversity at most sites is low (median 8 genera, 10 species). This finding has important implications on the probability of future recruitment from within the region. To date, two years after the mass mortality event, recruitment to the degraded reefs is patchy and low, with 35% of the sites surveyed showing no recruitment. In particular, recruitment is low for fast growing Acropora and Pocillopora (
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CORAL REEF DEGRADATION IN THE INDIA
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Foreword The temperatures of the wo
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Address by the Global Coral Reef Mo
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Table of contents FORWARD 3 ADDRESS
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Executive Summary The World Conserv
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to date. Working group discussions
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Biophysical Generally, region-wide
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species exhibit different tolerance
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er-term, “shifting baselines” i
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flow diagram presented below. CORDI
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SECTION I Status Reports - 21 -
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East Africa - Summary DAVID OBURA C
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Kenya, reef status and ecology DAVI
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BENTHIC COMMUNITIES Benthic communi
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Figure 2. Three strategies for blea
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% cover % cover 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
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Table 3: Population densities and s
Page 36 and 37: Assessment of coral reef degradatio
Page 38 and 39: Table 1. Reef stations surveyed in
Page 40 and 41: live coral cover for Mbudya Marine
Page 42 and 43: Table 5. Some environmental paramet
Page 44 and 45: Coral reef monitoring and managemen
Page 46 and 47: L impopo Maputo Sa ve River Riv er
Page 48 and 49: category) and size classes (total n
Page 50 and 51: The status of South African coral r
Page 52 and 53: South Asia - Summary DAN WILHELMSSO
Page 54 and 55: SRI LANKA Most shallow coral reef h
Page 56 and 57: corals in Sri Lanka is relatively h
Page 58 and 59: Figure 1. Distribution of coral ree
Page 60 and 61: Kandakuliya Most of the nearshore r
Page 62 and 63: shallow water (0 m - 3 m) on the re
Page 64 and 65: Rajasuriya, A & De Silva, M.W.R.N.
Page 66 and 67: In each of these regions three reef
Page 68 and 69: Table 4. Summary data from transect
Page 70 and 71: The status of the coral reefs of In
Page 72 and 73: Relative importance in total landin
Page 74 and 75: Small pelagics Large pelagics Demer
Page 76 and 77: Indian Ocean Islands - Summary SUSI
Page 78 and 79: The reefs of the granitic islands o
Page 80 and 81: onies damaged was recorded using th
Page 82 and 83: FAMILY GENUS SPECIES DEAD SURVIVING
Page 84 and 85: FAMILY GENUS SPECIES DEAD SURVIVING
Page 88 and 89: Reef systems of the islands of the
Page 90 and 91: Figure 2. Coral condition by locati
Page 92 and 93: At the Bank’s northern and southe
Page 94 and 95: chelles (Turner et al., this volume
Page 96 and 97: the shallow bays of Balaclava Marin
Page 98 and 99: Development of a geographical infor
Page 100 and 101: 2 1,8 1,6 Mean Bleaching Score 1,4
Page 102 and 103: Meteorological data from the period
Page 104 and 105: Figure 16. Total sunshine (hrs) per
Page 106 and 107: solar irradiance. In Thailand, loca
Page 108 and 109: Harriott, V.J. 1985. Mortality rate
Page 110 and 111: Table 1. Location of CORDIO monitor
Page 112 and 113: Figure 1. Recovery from settlement
Page 114 and 115: that due to its low impact, dead co
Page 116 and 117: Map of the Western Indian Ocean wit
Page 118 and 119: In April 1998, close to the peak of
Page 120 and 121: Pachyseris, Turbinaria spp.) and en
Page 122 and 123: Partial mortality of Favites flexuo
Page 124 and 125: REFERENCES Barnes, J., Bellamy, D.J
Page 126 and 127: SECTION II Environmental Monitoring
Page 128 and 129: Sea surface temperature in the west
Page 130 and 131: Temperature and water exchange in a
Page 132 and 133: Figure 2a. Time series temperature
Page 134 and 135: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to th
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Figure 2. Settlement plates for cor
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REFERENCES CARICOMP. 1994. Manual o
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Figure 2. Two possible recoveries f
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SECTION III Thematic/Research Repor
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Socio-economic assessment of the im
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to escape predation (Williams, 1991
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Table 4 Demersal fish landings in 1
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mersal species have not been heavil
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Therefore, it must be concluded tha
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▲ Level of importance 35 30 25 20
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very few come specifically for reef
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Percentage 28% Food and beverages w
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Anonymous. 1998b. Basic Fisheries S
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has a 4 m tidal range) dominated by
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Table 1. Comparison of the gross be
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Greenstein, B.J., Curran, H.A. & Po
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to assess ciguatera risk by impleme
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Evaluation of succession and coral
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within each depth zone (5 m and 10
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The taxonomic patterns of coral rec
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dives, this study has demonstrated
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Bioerosive processes An important a
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each of the three different fish co
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Figure 1. Coral fragments transplan
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Pavona Echinopora 50 100 50 100 Gro
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A low-tech method for reef rehabili
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Impacts of bleaching on coral commu
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anching and massive corals (Plate 1
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es, metal bars and PVC surfaces. No
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strate that supports a low percenta
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egeneration and prevent further des
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APPENDICES - 197 -
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Coral Reef Degradation in the India
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LIST OF PARTICIPANTS LIONEL BIGOT A
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AGNETHA NILSSON Programme Officer U
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DR. SUE WELLS Co-ordinator, E.A. Ma
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