Collapse

Barrett: The Collapse of Iraq and Syria
24. Geoffrey Warner, Iraq and Syria 1941 (Newark: University of Delaware Press,
1974), 12.
25. Ali A. Allawi, Faisal I of Iraq (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014), 259-293.
26. Philip S. Khoury, Syria and the French Mandate: The Politics of Arab Nationalism,
1920-1945 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1987), 54.
27. Ibid., 53-54.
28. Ibid., 57.
29. Ahmed M. Gomaa, “The Syrian Throne: Hashemite Ambition and Anglo-French
Rivalry, 1930-1935,” Edited by Uriel Dann in The Great Powers in the Middle
East 1919-1939 (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1988), 185.
30. Khoury, French Mandate, 63.
31. Malik Mufti, Sovereign Creations: Pan-Arabism and Political Order in Syria and
Iraq (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1996), 23.
32. Susan Pedersen, “Getting Out of Iraq—in 1932: The League of Nations and the
Road to Normative Statehood,” American Historical Review (October, 2010), 979.
33. Allawi, Faisal I of Iraq, 359.
34. James Onley, The Arabian Frontier of the British Raj: Merchants, Rulers, and the
British in the Nineteenth-Century Gulf (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007),
31.
35. Christopher Catherwood, Churchill’s Folly: How Winston Churchill Created
Modern Iraq (New York: Carroll & Graff Publishers, 2004), 106.
36. Warner, Iraq and Syria 1941, 35-42.
37. Robert Lyman, Iraq 1941: The battles for Basra, Habbaniya, Fallujah and Baghdad
(London: Osprey Publishing, 2006), 63-68. This is the best concise narrative of
the 1941 British campaign to recover Iraq. It is fascinating because it demonstrates
how to conduct a “go light” invasion of Iraq and succeed in the aftermath.
Instead of disbanding the defeated or rather cowed Iraqi army, the British put
it in tact back in power purged of its worst elements. There was a lesson to be
learned here.
38. Ellie Kedourie, The Chatham House Version and Other Middle Eastern Studies
(Hanover: University of New England Press, 1984), 224.
39. Pipes, Greater Syria, 33.
40. Nabih Amin Faris and Mohammed Tawfik Husayn, The Crescent in Crisis (Lawrence:
University of Kansas Press, 1955), 174.
41. Ann Sinai and Allen Pollack, The Syrian Arab Republic (New York: American
Academy Association for Peace in the Middle East, 1976), 23-25.
42. Steven Heydemann, Authoritarianism in Syria: Institutions and Social Conflict
1946-1970 (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999), 12-24.
43. David W. Lesch, Syria and the United States: Eisenhower’s Cold War in the Middle
East (Boulder: Westview Press, 1992), 18-19.
105