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JSOU Report 16-1
116
why-we-stuck-with-maliki--and-lost-iraq/2014/07/03/0dd6a8a4-f7ec-11e3-a606-
946fd632f9f1_story.html. See also, “Who Lost Iraq?” Politico Magazine, July/
August 2015, accessed at: http://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/06/
iraq-roundtable-george-w-bush-barack-obama-119221.
174. Peter W. Galbraith, The End of Iraq: How American Incompetence Created a War
without End (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), 199-207.
175. Zachary Keck, “History’s Judgment: The Iraq Surge Failed,” The Diplomat,
13 June 2014, accessed at: http://thediplomat.com/2014/06/
historys-judgment-the-iraq-surge-failed/.
176. Steve Simon, “The Price of the Surge: How U.S. Strategy Is Hastening Iraq’s
Demise,” Foreign Affairs, May/June 2008, 65-71.
177. Discussion with Lieutenant General Talib al-Kenanai, Director of Iraqi Counterterrorism,
December 2010, in Manama, Bahrain.
178. Emile Hokayem, Syria’s Uprising and the Fracturing of the Levant (London:
International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2013), 29-33.
179. Thomas Pierret, Religion and State in Syria: The Sunni Ulama from Coup to
Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013), 108-122.
180. “Briefing Attacking Syria – Global cop, like it or not,” The Economist (August
31, 2013), 17-18.
181. “Style and substance – America, Russia, and Syria,” The Economist (September
21, 2013), 27-28. See also, “Syria’s War – An unlikely band of brothers,” The
Economist, 21 September 2013, 49.
182. “End of an era as Prince Bandar departs Saudi intelligence post,” The Guardian,
16 April 2014, accessed at: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/16/
prince-bandar-saudi-intelligence-syria.
183. Senior Arab Gulf military officer knowledgeable about Gulf affairs.
184. A senior Arab Gulf military officer knowledgeable about Saudi and Gulf affairs.
185. Roby C. Barrett, Oman: The Present in the Context of a Fractured Past (Tampa:
Joint Special Operations University Press, 2011). See also Barrett, “Oman’s Balancing
Act in the Yemen Conflict,” Middle East Institute, 17 June 2015, accessed
at: http://www.mei.edu/content/at/oman’s-balancing-act-yemen-conflict.
186. “Discussion at the 402nd Meeting of the NSC,” 17 April 1959, DDEL, Ann Whitman
Files, NSC Series, Box 11, 1, 8-11.
187. Barrett, “Intervention in Iraq,” 8-12.
188. “Awkward relations – Saudi Arabia and the United States,” The Economist, 29
March 2014, 47.
189. “Why Bashar Assad is still in charge – Syria’s war,” The Economist, 7 June 2014,
51.
190. “Will the jihadist tide be stemmed? – Iraq,” The Economist, 28 June 2014, 39-40.
191. Patrick Cockburn, The Rise of the Islamic State: ISIS and the New Sunni Revolution
(London: Verso, 2015), 16.