Connecting Global Priorities Biodiversity and Human Health

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Connecting Global Priorities: Biodi
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WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publicat
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Chapter authors Lead coordinating a
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Table of Contents Forewords _______
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11. Traditional medicine___________
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Foreword by the Director, Public He
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Biodiversity and Health “is a sta
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GLEN BOWES Executive Summary INTROD
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Multi-disciplinary research and app
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BIODIVERSITY, FOOD PRODUCTION AND N
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of wild foods increases during the
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most rapid increase in low- and mid
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human outbreaks, suggesting a senti
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purposes. These pose a threat both
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art, literature and dance. They for
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AIRMAN 1ST CLASS CHERYL SANZI (USAF
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through, inter alia, better underst
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Others include identifying and redu
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PART I Concepts, Themes & Direction
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and experts from the fields of biod
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Linkages and co-dependencies at the
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“species richness” is one of bi
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Box 1. A typology of biodiversity-h
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adequate responses targeting specif
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ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK / FLICKR eco
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processes and associated thresholds
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Land-use change is also the leading
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Much of the natural and migration g
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6. CONCLUSION: A THEMATIC APPROACH
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PART II Thematic Areas in Biodivers
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2. Water resources: an essential ec
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Box 1. The Catskills: an ecosystem
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• increased biomass of phytoplank
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or to increase the growth rate of a
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2002). Integrated water management
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valuable benefits to human communit
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In Cameroon, schistosomiasis has be
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have been relatively successful wit
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UNDP BANGLADESH / FLICKR 4. Biodive
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summer (e.g. to cool buildings), in
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Emissions occur primarily under con
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in these urban areas is also typica
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spp.), oak (Quercus spp.), black lo
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(S)-containing pollutants. Species
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CRAIG HANSEN 5. Agricultural biodiv
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Box 1. Risks to animal genetic reso
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With land conversion has come signi
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2001; Wilby et al. 2009; Frison et
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of spiders (important pest predator
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• Oncogenic effects: tumour-formi
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have been pesticides of many differ
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integrated pest management (IPM), i
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the world (PAR/FAO 2011). Despite p
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Declaration which particularly invo
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most likely to be negatively impact
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RAWPIXEL LTD 6. Biodiversity and Nu
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In view of these trends, monitoring
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Table 1: Carotenoid content of sele
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intakes of these nutrients and rela
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een shown to stimulate productivity
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4. Wild foods and human nutrition 3
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some parts of the world. For exampl
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depletion of some species (Nasi et
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and how these foods can be used to
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Results from the Philippine Nationa
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7. Nutrition, biodiversity and agri
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eeds sold at farmer’s markets aro
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& Haider 2015). In Indonesia, the C
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products and directing them to publ
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Substitutes (WHO 1981). Text from t
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malnutrition in all its forms and t
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RAWPIXEL LTD / ISTOCKPHOTO novel, i
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population increases, over five bil
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of low competence (“diluting”)
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fragmentation. A recent review inve
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een removed from these areas, the v
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contact and pathogen transmission o
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number of cases has dramatically in
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Genetic diversity within such culti
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and the evolution of a more suitabl
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assessments - including wildlife di
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monkey. If non-human primates are h
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contributing to diminished immunore
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helminth that could be administered
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components in house dust was associ
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4..1 etriental irobiota in unhealth
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In low-income settings, exposure to
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KIBAE PARK / UNITED NATION PHOTO /
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a) Traditional versus microbiota-da
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development for use in the US. Most
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Case study: herus auatius and DNA r
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In the coming decades, a great mass
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Box 1. Overview of some of the majo
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attention only in recent years, as
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APIs with similar modes of action)
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several potential knock-in impacts
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widespread use (Boxall et al. 2012)
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environments, and is usually passed
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in cats claw is so immense that, in
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among healers and act according to
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Box 4. Therapeutic and sacred lands
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(PROMETRA),⁵ which has been worki
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Box 5: Participatory approaches to
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The case of the RITAM initiative (i
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esources and equitable sharing of b
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6.1 Innovations and incentives It i
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These cases highlight that promotin
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we interact with other life forms i
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health benefits of exposure to gree
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3. Biodiversity, green space, exerc
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NCDs and their risk factors can be
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al. (2012) and Fuller et al. (2007)
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UNITED NATIONS PHOTO / FLICKR Recog
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While many community-specific linka
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Therapeutic and biocultural landsca
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Box 6. Ko Omapere te wai, Aotearoa
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The high biodiversity ecosystems wi
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PART III Cross-Cutting Issues, Tool
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The chapters in this volume have dr
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al. 2014), though advances in techn
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2. Climate change challenges at the
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adaptation and mitigation strategie
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Box 2 discusses the impact of heat
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.5.1 ountain eosstes and liate hang
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poor and vulnerable communities, in
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Women (MDD-W), which has been sugge
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displacement, injury, or loss of so
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enhance preparedness towards the ad
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Case study: The use of vegetation i
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While community members and visitor
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from local forests, while wild food
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Case study: Pressure on water resou
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STEPHAN BACHENHEIMER / WORLD BANK P
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unwanted pregnancies, and the imple
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Business-as-usual scenarios were co
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industrial food production systems
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Table 1 : Some key biodiversity-hea
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(f) Addressing the unintended negat
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intersectoral collaboration on biod
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Ecosystem Assessment, is a framewor
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Table 2: Examples of cross-cutting
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7. Shaping behaviour and engaging c
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execution techniques; this is the a
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“reduce biodiversity loss, achiev
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antagonistic effects of complementa
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Folke, C. (2006). Resilience: the e
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United Nations Task Team on Social
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Drace, K.; Kiefer, A. M.; Veiga, M.
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Oliver, D.M., Heathwaite, L., Hayga
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WWF. (2012). Living Planet Report 2
Page 303 and 304: Nowak D.J., Hirabayashi S., et al.
Page 305 and 306: CBD (2014) Emerging key messages fo
Page 307 and 308: Halwart, M. (2013) Valuing aquatic
Page 309 and 310: Micronutrient Initiative (2009) Inv
Page 311 and 312: Smith, P. and M. Bustamante (2013)
Page 313 and 314: Barnes, K.K., Collins, T.A., Dion,
Page 315 and 316: Elyse Messer, A. (2015) World crop
Page 317 and 318: Hooper, D. U. , F. S. Chapin III, J
Page 319 and 320: McDermott, J., Johnson, N., Kadiyal
Page 321 and 322: Schulp, C.J.E., Thuiller, W. and Ve
Page 323 and 324: WHO (2012a). Obesity and Overweight
Page 325 and 326: Dornelas, M., Gotelli, N. J., McGil
Page 327 and 328: Mack, R., Simberloff D., Lonsdale W
Page 329 and 330: Suzán, G., Marcé, E., Giermakowsk
Page 331 and 332: Ege MJ, Mayer M, Normand AC, Genune
Page 333 and 334: O’Byrne KJ, Dalgleish AG, Brownin
Page 335 and 336: Zeeuwen PL, Kleerebezem M, Timmerma
Page 337 and 338: Floate KD, Wardhaugh KG, Boxall ABA
Page 339 and 340: Bertrand Graz, Healing and preventi
Page 341 and 342: Unnikrishnan, P.M., Prakash, B.N. (
Page 343 and 344: Ellett, L., Freeman, D., Garety, P.
Page 345 and 346: Mitchell, R., Popham, F. (2008) Eff
Page 347 and 348: Williams, D. R., & Huffman, M. G. (
Page 349 and 350: Eriksson, M., Jianchu, X., Shrestha
Page 351 and 352: Parmesan, C., & Martens, P. (2009).
Page 353: Das, S. and Crépin, A-S. 2013. Man
Page 357 and 358: Robbins, P. (2011). Political ecolo
Page 359 and 360: Golden S. D., Earp J. A. (2012). So
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