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SERGEI M EISENSTEIN

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Strangely enough, this style of type-setting (for papers) begins only in the spring<br />

of…1898!<br />

With the start of the Spanish-American War (over the “independence” of Cuba).<br />

Arthur Brisbane, Hearst’s assistant, introduces them. The war was “created” by<br />

Hearstandhisrabidcampaign.<br />

Cf. John K. Winkler, William Randolph Hearst, NRF, transl. by M. Lebas:<br />

p. 165 : « ... la guerre fut déclarée. Vint alors une nouvelle eruption d’excès typographiques.<br />

Brisbane introduisit les titres en majuscules dans l’Evening Journal.<br />

Quelques-uns avaient quatre pouces de haut. L’Evening World suivit l’exemple.<br />

Parfoit toute la première page de deux journaux n’etait plus qu’une salade de<br />

titres...»<br />

p. 169 : « ...Le jour où fut annoncée la victoire de Dewey à Manille, le 2 mai 1898<br />

le Journal publia un fleuve de suppléments... le tirage atteignit le nouveau record<br />

de 1.600.000 exemplaires. ...L’influence de la violence typographique apportée<br />

par usage que le Journal fit des caractères géants pendant la guerre est visible<br />

danspresquechaquejournalaméricainàprésent...» 227<br />

Cf. also Some Newspapers and Newspapermen by Oswald Garrison Villard, N.Y.,<br />

Knopf,1923,1926.<br />

Illustrations:<br />

Oppositep.20:TheTribune’sFirstPagebeforeHearstInvadedtheNewYorkField*<br />

(amodestgreypage–acompletelygreyfield).<br />

Oppositep.36:ASpanish WarFirstPageofHearst’sEveningJournalApril281898.<br />

*<br />

BOMBARDED! 2a<br />

OUR FLEET ATTACKS a<br />

Matanzas<br />

CITY MAY BE IN RUINS 1½ a<br />

(afrenziedwailofblaringheadlines)<br />

[the titles occupy]<br />

} 2/3 of the whole page<br />

The (New York) Tribune as It Is Today, Showing the Hearst Influence upon its headlines and<br />

make-up.*<br />

(Typicalnewspaperoftodaywithscreamingheadlines,butnottoomuch)<br />

NB. Try to make certain, when in cinema.<br />

194 sergei m. eisenstein

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