SERGEI M EISENSTEIN

125. Arthur Korn (1870-1945), a German-born physicist, mathematician and inventor,
was involved in the development of the transmission of photographs through the
telegraph: a system of telephotography, known as Bildtelegraph, related to early
attempts at developing a practical mechanical television system.
126. Gustave Le Gray (1820-1884) invented a technique called “des ciels rapportés” to
represent clearly both the sea and the sky in his photograpic seascapes. The
technique was a form of “combination printing” using two different negatives, one
for the water and one for the sky, at a time when it was impossible to have at the
same time the sky and the sea on a picture due to the too extreme luminosity range.
127. Camille Silvy (1834-1910) was a pioneer of early photography, primarily active in
London under the patronage of Queen Victoria.
128. Guillaume-Benjamin-Amand Duchenne de Boulogne (1806-1875) was a French
neurologist whose researches dealt mainly with electrophysiology, using photography
to document his experiments on the electrification of facial muscles. His
Mécanisme de la physionomie humaine, ou analyse électro-physiologique de ses différents modes
de l’expression was published in Paris in 1862.
129. Deciphering this part of the manuscript is very difficult due to the ambiguity in the
sequence of themes and examples. The fragment “Towards Degradation” is written
diagonally in the upper right corner, and arrows run from it to almost every other
fragment. However, it is unlikely that Eisenstein considered degradation those
experimentsincombiningphotonegativesorinopticalrecordingofsoundthatlater
played such an important role in the development of cinema. “Degradation” cannot
refer to newspaper illustrations or aerial photography either. So with certainty this
heading can only refer to the fragments “Retouche” and “Scenery for photography”,
to which it connects in this publication.
130. Franz Seraph Hanfstängl (1804-1877) was a German painter, lithographer and
photographer, known for his lithographic and later photographic portraits of
Munich society. Antoine Samuel Adam-Salomon (1818-1881) was a French sculptor
andphotographer.HestudiedwithHanfstänglinMunichandhisphotographswere
known for their chiaroscuro effects obtained with special lighting techniques.
131. SamuelArcherKing(1828-1914)was aballooningpioneer intheUnitedStates,who,
in the1850s and1860s, made several ascensionsfrom New York, Pennsylvania, New
Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts. In 1879 he published The Balloon: Noteworthy
Aerial Voyages from the Discovery of the Balloon to the Present Time, with a Narrative of the
Aeronautic Experiences of Mr. Samuel A. King. James Wallace Black (1825-1896) was an
American photographer who in 1860, in collaboration with Samuel Archer King,
madethefirstaerialphotographsintheUnitedStates,photographingBostonfroma
hot-air balloon at 1,200 feet. He named the clearest of these photographs “Boston,
as the Eagle and the Wild Goose See It”, which is considered to be the first clear
aerial image of a city.
132. Henry Negretti (1818-1879) was a British photographer who in 1863 took the first
aerial photographs of London from a balloon piloted by Henry Coxwell.
133. A photograph by William McLeish entitled “Misty Morning on the Wear” is listed in
the catalogue of the 1882 exhibition of the Royal Photographic Society.
notes 469