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562 The history of photography 16 Fortunately the daguerreotype was photographed in 1933 before the image disappeared, no doubt through ,an unskilful attempt to clean it. 17 The only other portraits Herschel could have seen were the experimental ones taken in Paris. 18 Philosophical Magazine, Feb. 1843. This rare historical item, which measures about Jt in. X 3 in. and is in perfect condition, is preserved at the Science Museum, London. 19 Advertisement in the Scientific American, l l Sept. l 845. 20 Memoires ofJohn Quincy Adams, Philadelphia, l 876. 21 Francis Wey, 'Comment le soleil est devenu peintre', Musee des Families, Paris, June-July 1853. 22 L. W. Sipley, The Pennsylvania Arts and Sciences, Philadelphia, 1937· 23 John Werge, The E11olution of Photography, London, 1890, p. 143- 24 Robert Taft, Photography and the American Scene, New York, 1938, p. 253. 25 The Photographic Art Journal, vol. viii, New York, 1855, p. 124. 26 The Art Journal, London, Nov. l 850. 27 Taft, op. cit. 28 The Art Journal, London, Mar. l 854. 12 The daguerreotype in Great Britain 1 Lawsuit Beard v. Egerton, 27 May 1846, as reported in Court of Common Pleas, vol. iii, London, l 848. 2 Preamble to the patent. It is not known who were the persons who opposed the patent. 3 The Athenaeum, 26 Oct. 1839, p. 813. 4 Lawsuit Beard v. Egerton, 2 June l 845, as reported in The Times, 3 June. 5 The Spectator, 2 Feb. 1839, p. l 15. 6 Georges Potonniee, The Photographic Journal, Jan. 1938, p. 3 3. 7 Ibid., p. 3 5. 8 158 whole-plate daguerreotypes by Dr Ellis are preserved at the Science Museum, London. 9 Rev. Dr Alexander Keith, E11idence of the Truth of the Christian Religion, 36th ed., Edinburgh, 1848. 10 The Athenaeum, 14 Sept. 1839. Advertisement. 11 For bibliography see 'The world's first photographic manual, and the English editions of Daguerre's manual', by Helmut Gernsheim, The Photographic Journal (Section A), Sept. 1950; and L. ]. M. Daguerre. 12 London Saturday Journal, 2 Nov. 1839. 13 The British Journal of Photography, 21 Feb. 1868, p. 90. 14 The Athenaeum, l 8 Apr. l 840, and Fraser's Advertiser, 1840, p. 1979. Advertisement. 15 The Art Union, Apr. l 841. Advertisement. 16 Some had a Lerebours piano-convex lens working at F. 17. 17 The Photographic News, 21 Aug. l 868. 18 As there are several claimants for the honour of having first observed the superior sensitivity of silver bromide, we should mention that priority in every respect, including that of publication, belongs to Fox Talbot. A communication on the subject from Talbot was read to the Academie des Sciences on 18 Mar. 1839 and to the Royal Society three days later. Sir John Herschel confirmed Talbot's observation in his communication to the Royal Society on 20 Feb. 1840, when he stated that a glass plate coated with bromide of silver plus nitrate of silver is far more rapid than when coated with iodide of silver. 19 The site of Furnival's Inn is now occupied by the Prudential Assurance Co. 20 Quoted in The Photographic News, 13 May 1864. 21 J. F. Goddard, The Chemist, vol. ii, May 1841, p. 143· 22 Francis S. Beatty, The Year-book of Photography and Photographic News Almanac for 1884, p. n 23 Ibid. 24 Intelli,'?enzblatt der Stadt Bern, IO Nov. 1841. Quoted in Professor Erich Stenger's Die Beginnende Photographie, Wiirzburg, 1943, p. l 5. The reporter was probably mistaken in referring to Wolcott as the opera tor. 25 George Cruikshank's Omnibus, 1842, pp. 29-32.
Notes on the text 563 26 Francis S. Beatty, op. cit. (see footnote 22) . 27 Gaudin and N. P. Lerebours, Derniers Perfectionnements apportes au Daguerreotype, Paris, Nov. I84I, p. 43. 28 [Jabez Hogg], Photography Made Easy, London, I845. 29 A. Claudet, The British Journal of Photography, 2I Feb. 1868, p. 90. 30 The Athenaeum, I7 July I84I ; also The Philosophical Magazine, vol. xix, p. 167. 31 Letter from Claudet in The Spectator, I I Sept. I 84I. 32 Better known subsequently as Gatti's Restaurant, it became the Nuffield Centre in July 1948. 33 'Reminiscences of an old photographer', by Thomas Sutton, The British Journal of Photography, 30 Aug. I867, p. 413. 34 The Athenaeum, 26 June I841. Advertisement. 35 The Spectator, 4 Sept. I 841. 36 The Illustrated London News, 27 May I843. Advertisement. 37 The Athenaeum, I4 Aug. I841. Advertisement. The 'new application' can only have been Fizeau's treatment with chloride of gold, though it is strange that a year passed before Claudet availed himself of it. 38 J. F. Goddard, The Polytechnic Journal, vol. iv, I 84I, p. 248. 39 The Illustrated London News, 23 July I842. Advertisement. 40 The Liverpool Mercury, IO Sept. I841. 41 Francis S. Beatty, The Photographic News, 8 Aug. I879. 42 The Times, London, 22 Dec. I96I. 43 The Photographic News, I 886, p. 370. 44 The A1anchester Guardian, 29 June I 850. 45 [Jabez Hogg] Photography Made Easy, London, I845. 46 Miinchner Morgenblatt, I6 Apr. I842. 47 A pupil oflsabey and author of Lettres sur la miniature, Paris, l 823. Also English edition, I 823. 48 The Athenaeum, May I847, p. 472. 49 rl1e lllustrated London Ne11,s, 27 May 184] . Advertisement. so The Spectator, 4 Sept. I 84 r. 51 La L111niere, 23 Mar. 1851. 52 The Art Union, Oct. I 845 and Apr. l 846. Advertisement. 53 Dr Andrew Winter [Wynter], The People's J011rnal, vol. ii, 1846, p. 288. 54 The A1anchester G11ardian, 29 June I850. 55 The North British Review, Aug. I847, pp. 465 et seq. 56 The Photographic Jo11rnal, Apr. I 8 5 5, p. I 58. 57 The Athenaeum, 30 Aug. I856. 58 One in the Gernsheim Collection is dated as late as 1858. 59 The Art Journal, Oct. I849, p. 294. 60 Mayall's brochure entitled Dag11erreotype Institution, 433 West Strand, London, I848. 61 The Athenaeum, l7 Apr. I847. 62 The Photographic Ne ws, 16 Aug. I861, p. 383. 63 Th e Athenaeum, IO Apr. 1847. Advertisement. 64 L. Tennant Woods, The British Journal of Photography, 13 Feb. I920, and others. 65 'Cuthbert Bede' (Rev. Edward Bradley), Photographic Pleasures, London, I 85 5, pp. 29-3 1. 66 J. B. Dancer, 'Early Photography in Liverpool and Manchester', letter in The Manchester Guardian, 19 May I886. 67 The British Journal of Photography, 22 Aug. I879, p. 400. 68 Ibid. 69 The Photographic News, l 884, p. I 86. 13 The daguerreotype in German-speaking countries 1 Wolfgang Baier, 'Die ersten Daguerreotypisten m Mecklenburg', Bild und Ton, no. 2, Halle, I964. 2 In most countries silvered copper plates could be bought ready-made. 3 F-n, Das Geheimnis der Daguerreotypie, oder die Kunst, Lichtbilder durch die Camera Obscura zu erzeugen, Leipzig and Graz, Ouly) I839. F. A. W. Netto, Vollstiindige Anweisung zur
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llllf NORFOLK COLLEGE LIBRARY JRllJ
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t,i{g 8 . . '-'' ' ., ;-.-- - ... -
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In honour and loving memory of ALIS
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6 Contents 6 The daguerreotype Dagu
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8 Contents 21 Instantaneous photogr
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IO Contents Under-water photography
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12 Foreword Many of the ex 1 stmg c
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14 Introduction effects, for which
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1 The history of the camera obscura
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The history of the camera obscura 1
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Photochemical investigations 3 l Th
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Photochemical investigations 3 3 en
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3 Phantoms of photography TIPHAIGNE
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4 The first conception of photograp
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The first conception of photography
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The first conception of photography
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Plates 1-16
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1 CEMMA-1 ms1us. First published il
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lfll'-••• ,I !""--.·11 ft ..
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l), i 7 JOHANN ZAHN. Reflex box cam
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\
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Part II ' THE IN VENTIO N OF PHOTOG
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56 The invention of photography and
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58 The invention of photography Pl
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62 The invention of photography Nie
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68 The invention of photography P .
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70 The invention of photography RAP
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72 The invention of photography con
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74 The invention of photography Fig
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76 The invention of photography fix
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78 The invention of photography spo
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80 The invention of photography Fig
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82 The invention of photography Tal
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8 Direct positives on paper Pl 40 H
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86 The invention of photography It
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9 Other independent inventors Fig 9
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92 The invention of photography Rea
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94 The invention of photography Deu
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96 The invention of photography I2
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98 The invention of photography cou
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17 NicEPHORE NIEPCE. Pencil and was
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"1- t ... .f"' · . ·, "i._. ' )<
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- -- r 29 'Daguerreotypomanie', car
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L Vc&-w · ( ,;.,,/£ $
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42 SIR J. F. w. HERSCHEL, photograp
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1 o The daguerreotype in France In
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The daguerreotype in France 117 FRA
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The daguerreotype in France 119 The
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The daguerreotype in America 121 wi
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The daguerreotype in America 123 -:
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The daguerreotype in America 125 Fi
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The daguerreotype in America I27 th
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The daguerreotype in America I 29 T
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The daguerreotype in Great Britain
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13 The daguerreotype in German-spea
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The daguerreotype in German-speakin
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The calotype and other paper proces
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The ca lo type and other paper proc
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15 The progress of photography on p
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The progress of photography on pape
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The introduction of photography on
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Plates 43-96
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46 FRIEDRICH VON MARTENS. Panoramic
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52 RICHARD BEARD. Portrait of a lad
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60 Voigtlander metal daguerreotype
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67 DR JOHN ADAMSON. Negative and po
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75 srn JOHN HERSCHEL. Cyanotype of
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- · 84 Unknown calotypist. Zeughau
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94 HIPPOL YTE BA y ARD · G arden s
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•
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232 The collodion period daguerreot
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18 Portrait photography-a new indus
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236 The collodion period Portrait p
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23 8 The collodion period LIKENESSE
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240 The collodion period ART ·PROG
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242 The collodion period The cost o
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244 The collodion period J. LAI N G
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246 The collodion period Pl 104 OSC
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248 The collodion period dictum tha
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250 The collodion period Pl 112 as
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252 The collodion period The proces
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254 The collodion period v x· Fig
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256 The collodion period normal dis
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2 5 8 The collodion period Pis 124,
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260 The collodion period With scien
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262 The collodion period square, bu
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264 The collodion period Pl r 29 J>
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22 News photography Many people are
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268 The collodion period Pl I39 Pl
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270 The collodion period bareness o
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272 The collodion period Pl 144 Gar
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274 The collodion period by the Pru
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276 The collodion period Fig 36 Tra
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278 The collodion period Fig 3
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280 The collodion period different
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282 The collodion period publicatio
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284 The collodion period Pl r 62 Pl
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286 The collodion period despaired
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288 The collodion period Pl 1 68 Pl
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290 The collodion period Pl 174 MOU
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292 The collodion period always bro
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294 The collodion period direct in
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296 The collodion period Pl r84 Pl
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298 The collodion period profession
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300 The collodion period Pl 185 bro
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302 The collodion period Pl 190 Pl
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25 Some famous portrait photographe
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306 The collodion period light acco
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308 The collodion period ahead of t
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31 o The collodion period excellenc
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3 12 The collodion period Fig 43 Wo
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3 14 The collodion period A. A shee
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316 The collodion period portraits
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318 The collodion period A few mont
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320 The collodion period Fig 47 Pig
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2 7 The evolution of dry plat es A
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324 The collodion period 3. Coverin
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326 The collodion period he went to
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3 28 The collodion period wet collo
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3 30 The collodion period R. KENNET
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3 32 The collodion period The chang
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334 The collodion period i.e. repro
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3 36 The collodion period FOUNDED A
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338 The collodion period first publ
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340 The collodion period Annan. Thr
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342 The collodion period called Sta
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344 The collodion period coating be
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Plates 97-218
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97 Unknown photographer. Coloured a
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107 H. P. ROBINSON, photograph by h
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I I I WILLIAM LAKE PRICE. Dead game
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· · . 124 Unknown photographer.
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130 G. w. WILSON. Waiting for the b
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137 ROGER FENTON ' s photographic v
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147 ALEXANDER GARDNER. The executio
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153 HENRY WHITE. A cornfield, 1856
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57 ROBERT MACPHERSON. Cascades at T
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163 CARLO PONTI. Courtyard of the D
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179 DISDERJ. The French Imperial fa
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!esJbh• 1s m);!Albu:m, iut !tarn
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192 THOMAS ANNAN. David Livingstone
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200 NA DAR. 'George Sand'. Carbon p
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202 ETIENNE CARJA T. Baudelaire. Ca
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2ro o. G. REJLANDER. Lewis Carroll
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Part V THE GELATINE PERIOD
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400 The gelatine period and in the
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402 The gelatine period Pl 219 year
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404 The gelatine period that has ta
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406 The gelatine period application
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408 The gelatine period / in I886.
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3 1 Hand, pocket, and detective cam
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412 The gelatine period PATENT GELA
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41 4 The gelatine period F1·1 1. l
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4i6 The gelatine period Fig 58 POCK
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418 The gelatine period Pis 223, 22
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420 The gelatine period Enough has
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32 Push-button photography The year
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424 The gelatine period Fig 62 one
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33 Photography by artificial light
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428 The gelatine period Pl 230 Pl 2
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430 The gelatine period Pl 232 The
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432 The gelatine period to be twice
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434 The gelatine period great popul
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436 The gelatine period Pl 240 whic
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43 8 The gelatine period apparatus
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440 The gelatine period Pls 242, 24
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442 The gelatine period removed in
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444 The gelatine period circumferen
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446 The gelatine period Massachuset
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448 The gelatine period A similar i
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450 The gelatine period EUGENE ATGE
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36 Press photograp hy There was no
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454 The gelatine period Pl 272 East
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3 7 Naturalistic photography In cha
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458 The gelatine period Soft focus,
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460 The gelatine period EPITAPH. Jn
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462 The gelatine period Horsley Hin
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464 The gelatine period During the
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466 The gelatine period It is stran
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468 The gelatine period artistic me
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4 70 The gelatine period scores of
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219 G. w. WILSON ' S printing works
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228 Demonstration of magnesium ligh
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235 VICTOR ANGERER. The Prater, Vie
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244 E. J. MAREY's arrangement for c
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255 JOHN THOMSON. Old woman with ba
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261 ARNOLD GENTHE. Emergency feedin
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5 6!'.PTSMIUU:: 1886 PRIX ! f5 CEN7
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27) G. w. WILSON. Operation by Sir
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282 B. GAY WILKINSON. Sand dunes. P
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29 l M. BUCQUET. 'Effet de Pluie',
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299 HEINRICH KUHN. Venice. Gum prin
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Part VI SOME APPL I CA TIO NS OF PH
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508 Some applications of photograph
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5 IO Some applications of photograp
Page 512 and 513: 512 Some app lications of photograp
Page 514 and 515: 4 1 Photography of criminals1 ' "Si
Page 516 and 517: 516 Some applications of photograph
Page 518 and 519: 5 I 8 Some applications of photogra
Page 521 and 522: 4 3 The evolution of colour photogr
Page 523 and 524: The evolution of colour photography
Page 525: The evolution of colour photography
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Page 530: 3 I I HONORE DAUMIER. 'Nadar elevan
Page 533 and 534: 3 I 4 An unwilling sitter for a pol
Page 535 and 536: 321 E. & J. BULLOCK. Woodland scene
Page 537: Part VIII PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE PRINT
Page 540 and 541: 540 Photography and the printed pag
Page 550 and 551: 5 50 Photography and the printed pa
Page 552 and 553: 5 52 Photography and the printed pa
Page 554 and 555: 5 54 Conclusion most of the works o
Page 556 and 557: 556 The history of photography 24 A
Page 558 and 559: 558 The history of photography Part
Page 560 and 561: 560 The history of photography 8 Ib
Page 564 and 565: 564 The history of photography Verf
Page 566 and 567: 566 The history of photography 16 T
Page 568 and 569: 568 The history of photography 20 S
Page 570 and 571: 570 The history of photography 24 I
Page 574 and 575: 574 The history of photography 2 Th
Page 578 and 579: 578 The history of photography 40 U
Page 580 and 581: Bibliography In addition to the num
Page 582 and 583: Appendix EXPOSURE TIMES The table g
Page 584 and 585: 5 84 The history of photography Fir
Page 586 and 587: 586 The history of photography THE
Page 588 and 589: 588 The history of photography ANNU
Page 590 and 591: 590 Index Baudelaire, Charles 243,
Page 592 and 593: 592 Index Dictionary of National Bi
Page 594 and 595: 594 Index Hoegh, Emil van (1865-191
Page 596 and 597: 596 Index Neff, Peter 2J8 negative,
Page 598 and 599: 598 Index Science Museum, London 57
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