Understanding Neutron Radiography Post Exam Reading VIII-Part 2a of 2A

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Manhattan Project Director J Robert Oppenheimer Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
WWII Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Understanding Neutron Radiography R
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Spallation Source Charlie Chong/ Fi
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Spallation Source Charlie Chong/ Fi
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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3. Techniques/Calibrations • Bloc
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Fion Zhan
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Gamma- Radiography TABLE 1. Charact
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://gr
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Whole Chapter 5 Radiation Measureme
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Radiation Detection Systems Some fo
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PART 2. Ion Chambers and Proportion
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FIGURE 1. Ion pair (showing ejected
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FIGURE 2. Basic ionization chamber
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Photoelectric Absorption An atom co
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Compton Scatter Collision of a phot
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Pair Production Note pair productio
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Linear Energy Transfer [LET] LET is
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Simulation of various radiation ene
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Sources of Attenuation The attenuat
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://ra
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The electron that is removed is the
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Photoelectric effect ABSORBED Charl
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Compton effect or Compton scatter i
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The reason at least 1.022 MeV of ph
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Pair Production Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Photoelectric (PE) absorption Photo
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This second applet is similar to th
Page 61 and 62: Photoelectric effect, or photoelect
Page 63 and 64: First principle mechanism of ioniza
Page 65 and 66: Photoelectron Spectroscopy Charlie
Page 67 and 68: Photoelectron Spectroscopy Charlie
Page 69 and 70: Thomson scattering (R), also known
Page 71 and 72: Ion current chambers have a respons
Page 73 and 74: FIGURE 4. Energy and directional re
Page 75 and 76: Ionization Chambers Charlie Chong/
Page 77 and 78: Compton scattering (C) (incoherent
Page 79 and 80: Output Current Measurements The ion
Page 81 and 82: Vibrating Reed Electrometers An alt
Page 83 and 84: Vibrating Reed Electrometers Cary V
Page 85 and 86: The weak current generated in the c
Page 87 and 88: Older electrometers Gold-leaf elect
Page 89 and 90: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Volta Ele
Page 91 and 92: Gold-leaf electroscope Charlie Chon
Page 93 and 94: Vibrating reed electrometers Vibrat
Page 95 and 96: FIGURE 7. Examples of ionization ch
Page 97 and 98: FIGURE 8. Cross section of quartz f
Page 99 and 100: Quartz Fiber Pocket Dosimeter. Char
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Page 111: Manhattan Project Charlie Chong/ Fi
Page 115 and 116: Ion Chamber Charger & Reader Radiac
Page 119 and 120: Pocket dosimeters tended to be slig
Page 121 and 122: Quartz Fiber Pocket Dosimeter. CDV-
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Page 125 and 126: Ion Chamber Charger & Reader Charli
Page 127 and 128: WWII Heroes Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
Page 129 and 130: FIGURE 8. Cross section of quartz f
Page 131 and 132: FIGURE 10. Energy dependence of res
Page 133 and 134: Proportional Counters If the electr
Page 135 and 136: Townsend Discharges (Avalanches) Th
Page 137 and 138: General description of the phenomen
Page 139 and 140: The avalanche mechanism is shown in
Page 141 and 142: Visualization of Proportional Count
Page 143 and 144: Multiple Gas Amplification due to m
Page 145 and 146: PART 3. Geiger-Müller Counters Ope
Page 147 and 148: Visualization of Geiger Muller Gas
Page 149 and 150: Properties Extension of the gas ava
Page 151 and 152: Correct counting rate R can be calc
Page 153 and 154: FIGURE 11. Resolving time, dead tim
Page 155 and 156: FIGURE 12. Processing of detector i
Page 157 and 158: Quenching As positive ions are coll
Page 159 and 160: FIGURE 13. Assortment of geiger-mü
Page 161 and 162: Geiger Muller Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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Geiger Muller Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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Design Variations Geiger-müller co
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FIGURE 14. Dose rate ratio versus e
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TABLE 1. Characteristics of three i
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Mini Geiger Muller Alarm Meter Char
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Mini Geiger Muller Alarm Meter Char
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FIGURE 15. Typical energy response
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(b) radiation incident on side vers
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(d) radiation incident normal to lo
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TABLE 3. Common scintillators. Char
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FIGURE 16. Energy diagram of scinti
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Desirable Scintillator Characterist
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Electron multiplication, or gain, i
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PMT Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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PMT Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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System Electronics Once the output
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PART 5. Luminescent Dosimetry Therm
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Thermoluminescence Charlie Chong/ F
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Disadvantages include the loss of i
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Thermoluminescent Dosimetric Readou
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FIGURE 20. Typical glow curve. Inte
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TDL Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http:
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TDL Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http:
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PART 6. Neutron Detection Character
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TABLE 4. Neutron classification. Cl
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Scintillation Scintillators contain
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TABLE 6. Properties of Some Thermal
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Detector The diffused p-n junction
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Surface Barrier Detectors The opera
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TABLE 5. Radiation detector types.
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FIGURE 21. Cross sections: (a) diff
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PART 8. Film Badges One of the most
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The absorption of a single photon o
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Compounds that can be used as photo
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Understanding Neutron Radiography Post Exam Reading VIII-Part 2a of 2A

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