Understanding Neutron Radiography Post Exam Reading VIII-Part 2a of 2A

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True or False? The "photo electron" and free radical can interact with other molecules -- ultimately leading to ionizations and bond breakage, which are the biologically-important molecular manifestations of radiation damage. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang https://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/rad/radbiol/01physics/phys-03-03.html
Compton Scatter Collision of a photon with an electron increases the kinetic energy of the electron. Thus set in motion, the electron is known as a recoil electron. The incident photon’s energy is not necessarily depleted, but it will diverge from its path and have lower energy -- i.e., it has a longer wavelength after collision. In diagnostic radiology, such scattered photons may lower contrast and thus degrade quality of the radiographic image. Important interaction for intermediate-energy photons (100 KeV to 10 MeV) Note: 0.34 ~ 1.2 MeV (Exam Q) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang https://www.med-ed.virginia.edu/courses/rad/radbiol/01physics/phys-03-03.html
Page 1 and 2: Understanding Neutron Radiography R
Page 3 and 4: Spallation Source Charlie Chong/ Fi
Page 5 and 6: Spallation Source Charlie Chong/ Fi
Page 7 and 8: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 9 and 10: 3. Techniques/Calibrations • Bloc
Page 11 and 12: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Fion Zhan
Page 13 and 14: Gamma- Radiography TABLE 1. Charact
Page 17 and 18: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://gr
Page 19 and 20: Whole Chapter 5 Radiation Measureme
Page 21 and 22: Radiation Detection Systems Some fo
Page 23 and 24: PART 2. Ion Chambers and Proportion
Page 25 and 26: FIGURE 1. Ion pair (showing ejected
Page 27 and 28: FIGURE 2. Basic ionization chamber
Page 29: Photoelectric Absorption An atom co
Page 33 and 34: Pair Production Note pair productio
Page 35 and 36: Linear Energy Transfer [LET] LET is
Page 37 and 38: Simulation of various radiation ene
Page 39 and 40: Sources of Attenuation The attenuat
Page 43 and 44: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://ra
Page 45 and 46: The electron that is removed is the
Page 47 and 48: Photoelectric effect ABSORBED Charl
Page 49 and 50: Compton effect or Compton scatter i
Page 53 and 54: The reason at least 1.022 MeV of ph
Page 55 and 56: Pair Production Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 57 and 58: Photoelectric (PE) absorption Photo
Page 59 and 60: This second applet is similar to th
Page 61 and 62: Photoelectric effect, or photoelect
Page 63 and 64: First principle mechanism of ioniza
Page 65 and 66: Photoelectron Spectroscopy Charlie
Page 67 and 68: Photoelectron Spectroscopy Charlie
Page 69 and 70: Thomson scattering (R), also known
Page 71 and 72: Ion current chambers have a respons
Page 73 and 74: FIGURE 4. Energy and directional re
Page 75 and 76: Ionization Chambers Charlie Chong/
Page 77 and 78: Compton scattering (C) (incoherent
Page 79 and 80: Output Current Measurements The ion
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Vibrating Reed Electrometers An alt
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Vibrating Reed Electrometers Cary V
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The weak current generated in the c
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Older electrometers Gold-leaf elect
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Volta Ele
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Gold-leaf electroscope Charlie Chon
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Vibrating reed electrometers Vibrat
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FIGURE 7. Examples of ionization ch
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FIGURE 8. Cross section of quartz f
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Quartz Fiber Pocket Dosimeter. Char
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Manhattan Project Charlie Chong/ Fi
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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WWII Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Ion Chamber Charger & Reader Radiac
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Pocket dosimeters tended to be slig
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Quartz Fiber Pocket Dosimeter. CDV-
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Ion Chamber Charger & Reader Charli
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WWII Heroes Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
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FIGURE 8. Cross section of quartz f
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FIGURE 10. Energy dependence of res
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Proportional Counters If the electr
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Townsend Discharges (Avalanches) Th
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General description of the phenomen
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The avalanche mechanism is shown in
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Visualization of Proportional Count
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Multiple Gas Amplification due to m
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PART 3. Geiger-Müller Counters Ope
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Visualization of Geiger Muller Gas
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Properties Extension of the gas ava
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Correct counting rate R can be calc
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FIGURE 11. Resolving time, dead tim
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FIGURE 12. Processing of detector i
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Quenching As positive ions are coll
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FIGURE 13. Assortment of geiger-mü
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Geiger Muller Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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Design Variations Geiger-müller co
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FIGURE 14. Dose rate ratio versus e
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TABLE 1. Characteristics of three i
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Mini Geiger Muller Alarm Meter Char
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Mini Geiger Muller Alarm Meter Char
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FIGURE 15. Typical energy response
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(b) radiation incident on side vers
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(d) radiation incident normal to lo
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TABLE 3. Common scintillators. Char
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FIGURE 16. Energy diagram of scinti
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Desirable Scintillator Characterist
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Electron multiplication, or gain, i
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PMT Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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PMT Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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System Electronics Once the output
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PART 5. Luminescent Dosimetry Therm
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Thermoluminescence Charlie Chong/ F
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Disadvantages include the loss of i
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Thermoluminescent Dosimetric Readou
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FIGURE 20. Typical glow curve. Inte
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TDL Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http:
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TDL Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http:
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PART 6. Neutron Detection Character
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TABLE 4. Neutron classification. Cl
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Scintillation Scintillators contain
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TABLE 6. Properties of Some Thermal
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Detector The diffused p-n junction
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Surface Barrier Detectors The opera
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TABLE 5. Radiation detector types.
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FIGURE 21. Cross sections: (a) diff
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PART 8. Film Badges One of the most
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The absorption of a single photon o
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Compounds that can be used as photo
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Understanding Neutron Radiography Post Exam Reading VIII-Part 2a of 2A

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