Understanding Neutron Radiography Post Exam Reading VIII-Part 2a of 2A

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Lithium Fluoride Properties The most common thermoluminescent phosphor used in gamma and neutron personnel dosimetry is lithium fluoride ( 6 3LiF for neutron detection)) . Other thermoluminescent phosphors are available for personnel dosimetry but, for various reasons, are not as well suited as lithium fluoride. The advantages of lithium fluoride include its: 1. usefulness over a wide dose range, 2. linear dose response, 3. near dose rate independence, 4. reusability, 5. stability, 6. short readout time and 7. near tissue equivalence. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Disadvantages include the loss of information after readout and lack of information about the incident radiation energy. Both gamma photons and neutrons produce ionization indirectly. Gamma photons interact with matter, releasing electrons that in turn cause ionization. Lithium fluoride undergoes interactions with gamma photons and is therefore used in gamma dosimetry. Slow neutrons require the presence of the lithium fluoride enriched with lithium-6 for detection of the (n, α) nuclear reaction. 6 3 Li + n → 4 2 He + 2 1 D + γ Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Understanding Neutron Radiography R
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Spallation Source Charlie Chong/ Fi
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Spallation Source Charlie Chong/ Fi
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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3. Techniques/Calibrations • Bloc
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Fion Zhan
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Gamma- Radiography TABLE 1. Charact
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://gr
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Whole Chapter 5 Radiation Measureme
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Radiation Detection Systems Some fo
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PART 2. Ion Chambers and Proportion
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FIGURE 1. Ion pair (showing ejected
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FIGURE 2. Basic ionization chamber
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Photoelectric Absorption An atom co
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Compton Scatter Collision of a phot
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Pair Production Note pair productio
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Linear Energy Transfer [LET] LET is
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Simulation of various radiation ene
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Sources of Attenuation The attenuat
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://ra
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The electron that is removed is the
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Photoelectric effect ABSORBED Charl
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Compton effect or Compton scatter i
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The reason at least 1.022 MeV of ph
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Pair Production Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Photoelectric (PE) absorption Photo
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This second applet is similar to th
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Photoelectric effect, or photoelect
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First principle mechanism of ioniza
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Photoelectron Spectroscopy Charlie
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Photoelectron Spectroscopy Charlie
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Thomson scattering (R), also known
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Ion current chambers have a respons
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FIGURE 4. Energy and directional re
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Ionization Chambers Charlie Chong/
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Compton scattering (C) (incoherent
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Output Current Measurements The ion
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Vibrating Reed Electrometers An alt
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Vibrating Reed Electrometers Cary V
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The weak current generated in the c
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Older electrometers Gold-leaf elect
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Volta Ele
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Gold-leaf electroscope Charlie Chon
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Vibrating reed electrometers Vibrat
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FIGURE 7. Examples of ionization ch
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FIGURE 8. Cross section of quartz f
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Quartz Fiber Pocket Dosimeter. Char
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Manhattan Project Charlie Chong/ Fi
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WWII Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Ion Chamber Charger & Reader Radiac
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Pocket dosimeters tended to be slig
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Quartz Fiber Pocket Dosimeter. CDV-
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Ion Chamber Charger & Reader Charli
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WWII Heroes Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
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FIGURE 8. Cross section of quartz f
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FIGURE 10. Energy dependence of res
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Proportional Counters If the electr
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Townsend Discharges (Avalanches) Th
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General description of the phenomen
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The avalanche mechanism is shown in
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Visualization of Proportional Count
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Multiple Gas Amplification due to m
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PART 3. Geiger-Müller Counters Ope
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Visualization of Geiger Muller Gas
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Properties Extension of the gas ava
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Correct counting rate R can be calc
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FIGURE 11. Resolving time, dead tim
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Page 201 and 202: System Electronics Once the output
Page 203 and 204: PART 5. Luminescent Dosimetry Therm
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Page 213 and 214: TDL Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http:
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Page 217 and 218: PART 6. Neutron Detection Character
Page 219 and 220: TABLE 4. Neutron classification. Cl
Page 221 and 222: Scintillation Scintillators contain
Page 223 and 224: TABLE 6. Properties of Some Thermal
Page 225 and 226: Detector The diffused p-n junction
Page 227 and 228: Surface Barrier Detectors The opera
Page 229 and 230: TABLE 5. Radiation detector types.
Page 231 and 232: FIGURE 21. Cross sections: (a) diff
Page 233 and 234: PART 8. Film Badges One of the most
Page 235 and 236: The absorption of a single photon o
Page 237 and 238: Compounds that can be used as photo
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Understanding Neutron Radiography Post Exam Reading VIII-Part 2a of 2A

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