Understanding Neutron Radiography Post Exam Reading VIII-Part 2a of 2A

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Miscellaneous Neutron Detectors Track etch detectors, nuclear emulsions and film have all been used to detect neutrons. Various neutron interactions with the detector material or foils in intimate contact with the detectors allow these systems to operate as integrating dosimeters. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
TABLE 6. Properties of Some Thermal Neutron Radiography Conversion Materials Material Useful Reactions Cross Section for Life Thermal Neutrons (barns) Lithium 6 Li(n,α) 3 H 910 prompt Boron 10 B(n,α) 7 Li 3,830 prompt Rhodium 103 Rh(n) 104m Rh 11 45 min 103 Rh(n) 104 Rh 139 42 s Silver 107 Ag(n) 108 Ag 35 2.3 min 109 Ag (n) 110 Ag 91 24 s Cadmium 113 Cd((n,γ) 114 Cd 20,000 prompt Indium 115 In(n) 116 n 157 54 min 115 In(n) 116m ln 42 14 s Samarium 149 Sm(n,γ) 150 Sm 41,000 prompt I52 Sm(n) 153 Sm 210 47 h Europium 151 Eu(n) 152 Eu 3,000 9.2 h Gadolinium 155 Gd(n,γ) I56 Gd 61,000 prompt 157 Gd(n.γ) 158 Gd 254,000 prompt Dyprosium 164 Dy(n) 165 mDy 2,200 1.25 min 164 Dy(n) 165 Dy 800 140 min Gold 197 Au(n) 198 Au 99 2.7 days Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Understanding Neutron Radiography R
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Spallation Source Charlie Chong/ Fi
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Spallation Source Charlie Chong/ Fi
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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3. Techniques/Calibrations • Bloc
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Fion Zhan
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Gamma- Radiography TABLE 1. Charact
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://gr
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Whole Chapter 5 Radiation Measureme
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Radiation Detection Systems Some fo
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PART 2. Ion Chambers and Proportion
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FIGURE 1. Ion pair (showing ejected
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FIGURE 2. Basic ionization chamber
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Photoelectric Absorption An atom co
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Compton Scatter Collision of a phot
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Pair Production Note pair productio
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Linear Energy Transfer [LET] LET is
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Simulation of various radiation ene
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Sources of Attenuation The attenuat
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://ra
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The electron that is removed is the
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Photoelectric effect ABSORBED Charl
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Compton effect or Compton scatter i
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The reason at least 1.022 MeV of ph
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Pair Production Charlie Chong/ Fion
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Photoelectric (PE) absorption Photo
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This second applet is similar to th
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Photoelectric effect, or photoelect
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First principle mechanism of ioniza
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Photoelectron Spectroscopy Charlie
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Photoelectron Spectroscopy Charlie
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Thomson scattering (R), also known
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Ion current chambers have a respons
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FIGURE 4. Energy and directional re
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Ionization Chambers Charlie Chong/
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Compton scattering (C) (incoherent
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Output Current Measurements The ion
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Vibrating Reed Electrometers An alt
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Vibrating Reed Electrometers Cary V
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The weak current generated in the c
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Older electrometers Gold-leaf elect
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Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Volta Ele
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Gold-leaf electroscope Charlie Chon
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Vibrating reed electrometers Vibrat
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FIGURE 7. Examples of ionization ch
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FIGURE 8. Cross section of quartz f
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Quartz Fiber Pocket Dosimeter. Char
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Manhattan Project Charlie Chong/ Fi
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WWII Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
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Ion Chamber Charger & Reader Radiac
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Pocket dosimeters tended to be slig
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Quartz Fiber Pocket Dosimeter. CDV-
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Ion Chamber Charger & Reader Charli
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WWII Heroes Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
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FIGURE 8. Cross section of quartz f
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FIGURE 10. Energy dependence of res
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Proportional Counters If the electr
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Townsend Discharges (Avalanches) Th
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General description of the phenomen
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The avalanche mechanism is shown in
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Visualization of Proportional Count
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Multiple Gas Amplification due to m
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PART 3. Geiger-Müller Counters Ope
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Visualization of Geiger Muller Gas
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Properties Extension of the gas ava
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Correct counting rate R can be calc
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FIGURE 11. Resolving time, dead tim
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FIGURE 12. Processing of detector i
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Quenching As positive ions are coll
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FIGURE 13. Assortment of geiger-mü
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Geiger Muller Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
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Design Variations Geiger-müller co
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Page 183 and 184: FIGURE 15. Typical energy response
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Page 217 and 218: PART 6. Neutron Detection Character
Page 219 and 220: TABLE 4. Neutron classification. Cl
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Page 225 and 226: Detector The diffused p-n junction
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Page 229 and 230: TABLE 5. Radiation detector types.
Page 231 and 232: FIGURE 21. Cross sections: (a) diff
Page 233 and 234: PART 8. Film Badges One of the most
Page 235 and 236: The absorption of a single photon o
Page 237 and 238: Compounds that can be used as photo
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Understanding Neutron Radiography Post Exam Reading VIII-Part 2a of 2A

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