Understanding Neutron Radiography Post Exam Reading VIII-Part 2a of 2A

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Photodisintegration (PD) is the process by which the x-ray photon is captured by the nucleus of the atom with the ejection of a particle from the nucleus when all the energy of the x-ray is given to the nucleus. Because of the enormously high energies involved, this process may be neglected for the energies of x-rays used in radiography. (this photodisintegration to be distinguishes from photo annihilation of positron/electron pair) Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/Physics/attenuation.htm
Thomson scattering (R), also known as Rayleigh, coherent, or classical scattering, occurs when the x-ray photon interacts with the whole atom so that the photon is scattered with no change in internal energy to the scattering atom, nor to the x-ray photon. Thomson scattering is never more than a minor contributor to the absorption coefficient. The scattering occurs without the loss of energy. Scattering is mainly in the forward direction. Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang https://www.nde-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Radiography/Physics/attenuation.htm
Page 1 and 2:
Understanding Neutron Radiography R
Page 3 and 4:
Spallation Source Charlie Chong/ Fi
Page 5 and 6:
Spallation Source Charlie Chong/ Fi
Page 7 and 8:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 9 and 10:
3. Techniques/Calibrations • Bloc
Page 11 and 12:
Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Fion Zhan
Page 13 and 14:
Gamma- Radiography TABLE 1. Charact
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://gr
Page 19 and 20: Whole Chapter 5 Radiation Measureme
Page 21 and 22: Radiation Detection Systems Some fo
Page 23 and 24: PART 2. Ion Chambers and Proportion
Page 25 and 26: FIGURE 1. Ion pair (showing ejected
Page 27 and 28: FIGURE 2. Basic ionization chamber
Page 29 and 30: Photoelectric Absorption An atom co
Page 31 and 32: Compton Scatter Collision of a phot
Page 33 and 34: Pair Production Note pair productio
Page 35 and 36: Linear Energy Transfer [LET] LET is
Page 37 and 38: Simulation of various radiation ene
Page 39 and 40: Sources of Attenuation The attenuat
Page 41 and 42: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 43 and 44: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http://ra
Page 45 and 46: The electron that is removed is the
Page 47 and 48: Photoelectric effect ABSORBED Charl
Page 49 and 50: Compton effect or Compton scatter i
Page 53 and 54: The reason at least 1.022 MeV of ph
Page 55 and 56: Pair Production Charlie Chong/ Fion
Page 57 and 58: Photoelectric (PE) absorption Photo
Page 59 and 60: This second applet is similar to th
Page 61 and 62: Photoelectric effect, or photoelect
Page 63 and 64: First principle mechanism of ioniza
Page 65 and 66: Photoelectron Spectroscopy Charlie
Page 67: Photoelectron Spectroscopy Charlie
Page 71 and 72: Ion current chambers have a respons
Page 73 and 74: FIGURE 4. Energy and directional re
Page 75 and 76: Ionization Chambers Charlie Chong/
Page 77 and 78: Compton scattering (C) (incoherent
Page 79 and 80: Output Current Measurements The ion
Page 81 and 82: Vibrating Reed Electrometers An alt
Page 83 and 84: Vibrating Reed Electrometers Cary V
Page 85 and 86: The weak current generated in the c
Page 87 and 88: Older electrometers Gold-leaf elect
Page 89 and 90: Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang Volta Ele
Page 91 and 92: Gold-leaf electroscope Charlie Chon
Page 93 and 94: Vibrating reed electrometers Vibrat
Page 95 and 96: FIGURE 7. Examples of ionization ch
Page 97 and 98: FIGURE 8. Cross section of quartz f
Page 99 and 100: Quartz Fiber Pocket Dosimeter. Char
Page 105 and 106: Manhattan Project Charlie Chong/ Fi
Page 113 and 114: WWII Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 115 and 116: Ion Chamber Charger & Reader Radiac
Page 119 and 120:
Pocket dosimeters tended to be slig
Page 121 and 122:
Quartz Fiber Pocket Dosimeter. CDV-
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Ion Chamber Charger & Reader Charli
Page 127 and 128:
WWII Heroes Charlie Chong/ Fion Zha
Page 129 and 130:
FIGURE 8. Cross section of quartz f
Page 131 and 132:
FIGURE 10. Energy dependence of res
Page 133 and 134:
Proportional Counters If the electr
Page 135 and 136:
Townsend Discharges (Avalanches) Th
Page 137 and 138:
General description of the phenomen
Page 139 and 140:
The avalanche mechanism is shown in
Page 141 and 142:
Visualization of Proportional Count
Page 143 and 144:
Multiple Gas Amplification due to m
Page 145 and 146:
PART 3. Geiger-Müller Counters Ope
Page 147 and 148:
Visualization of Geiger Muller Gas
Page 149 and 150:
Properties Extension of the gas ava
Page 151 and 152:
Correct counting rate R can be calc
Page 153 and 154:
FIGURE 11. Resolving time, dead tim
Page 155 and 156:
FIGURE 12. Processing of detector i
Page 157 and 158:
Quenching As positive ions are coll
Page 159 and 160:
FIGURE 13. Assortment of geiger-mü
Page 161 and 162:
Geiger Muller Charlie Chong/ Fion Z
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Design Variations Geiger-müller co
Page 171 and 172:
FIGURE 14. Dose rate ratio versus e
Page 173 and 174:
TABLE 1. Characteristics of three i
Page 175 and 176:
Mini Geiger Muller Alarm Meter Char
Page 177 and 178:
Mini Geiger Muller Alarm Meter Char
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
FIGURE 15. Typical energy response
Page 185 and 186:
(b) radiation incident on side vers
Page 187 and 188:
(d) radiation incident normal to lo
Page 189 and 190:
TABLE 3. Common scintillators. Char
Page 191 and 192:
FIGURE 16. Energy diagram of scinti
Page 193 and 194:
Desirable Scintillator Characterist
Page 195 and 196:
Electron multiplication, or gain, i
Page 197 and 198:
PMT Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 199 and 200:
PMT Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang
Page 201 and 202:
System Electronics Once the output
Page 203 and 204:
PART 5. Luminescent Dosimetry Therm
Page 205 and 206:
Thermoluminescence Charlie Chong/ F
Page 207 and 208:
Disadvantages include the loss of i
Page 209 and 210:
Thermoluminescent Dosimetric Readou
Page 211 and 212:
FIGURE 20. Typical glow curve. Inte
Page 213 and 214:
TDL Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http:
Page 215 and 216:
TDL Charlie Chong/ Fion Zhang http:
Page 217 and 218:
PART 6. Neutron Detection Character
Page 219 and 220:
TABLE 4. Neutron classification. Cl
Page 221 and 222:
Scintillation Scintillators contain
Page 223 and 224:
TABLE 6. Properties of Some Thermal
Page 225 and 226:
Detector The diffused p-n junction
Page 227 and 228:
Surface Barrier Detectors The opera
Page 229 and 230:
TABLE 5. Radiation detector types.
Page 231 and 232:
FIGURE 21. Cross sections: (a) diff
Page 233 and 234:
PART 8. Film Badges One of the most
Page 235 and 236:
The absorption of a single photon o
Page 237 and 238:
Compounds that can be used as photo
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
show all

Understanding Neutron Radiography Post Exam Reading VIII-Part 2a of 2A

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?