Report - Social Watch Philippines

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Table 1.Cohort Survival Rate by Region, SY 1990-1991 – SY 2001-2002/1 Source: NSCB, 2000 Philippine Statistical Yearbook. Tables 10.5 & 10.6 minimal support for irrigation systems compared to the other fi ve regions in Mindanao. The Department of Public Works and Highways does not have ARMM infrastructure records in its offi cial website such as how many farm to market roads were built if there were any. In 2007, Mindanao Economic Development Council (MEDCO), an agency under the Offi ce of the President, reported that from the more than 24% increase in Mindanao foreign trade, ARMM got only a 0.0003% share. MEDCO is now replaced by MinDA or Mindanao Economic Development Authority, a Mindanao equivalent of NEDA (see Figure 4). Figure 4. Regional Distribution of Export Earnings (Mindanao Regions) January-December 2007 Source of beat date: NDO-Central Offi ce Processed by MEDCo National Anti-Poverty Commission assistant secretary Dolores De Quiros-Castillo said that the volatile peace and order situation in Muslim Mindanao and 148 SOCIAL WATCH PHILIPPINES the lack of infrastructure in CARAGA were the major causes of high poverty incidence in the regions. “The confl ict [in ARMM] has displaced many families and poverty alleviation is diffi cult if you have a lot of displaced families,” Castillo said. Violence against Moros aggravate the poverty situation There were at least 120,000 documented casualties during the Armed Confl icts between Moro revolutionary forces and the Philippine military from the 1960’s to 1996. In 2009 alone, at least 700,000 people were displaced in Maguindanao, Lanao Del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Basilan, Sulu and Lanao Del Norte. There were countless cases of abductions, missing people, and other forms of human rights violations. Destruction of houses and households, including farm outputs and animals, cost millions of pesos. Massive dislocation of livelihood and economic activities has aggravated the poverty condition of the residents. According to Eduardo Ermita, Executive Secretary of the former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, the Government of the Republic of the Philippines spent around Php 73 billion in military operations in 26 years (1970-1996) or an average of 40% of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) budget annually.
Documented displacement Analysis The Philippine policy towards attaining genuine peace and economic development in the Moro areas, particularly ARMM, remains within the old Philippine policy paradigm which is still undermining the right to self-determination of the Moro people. Attempts of providing development projects in the area are just part of the “carrot and stick” policy of the state. The central issue to eradicate poverty and inequality is to resolve the governance system. A governance system that works needs to be consistent with the long established, traditional governance system being successfully practiced by constituents and communities. The failed Memorandum of Agreement on Ancestral Domain (MOA-AD) between the GRP and Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) could have been a jump-start of genuine economic development within ARMM given the 75%-25% sharing of resources in favor of the Bangsamoro Juridical Entity (BJE). This sharing scheme could have resulted in more resources and funding for poverty alleviation programs and projects. Another basic and fundamental issue that was resolved between the GRP and MILF was the recognition of the Moro identity by the Philippine government. To many, this is a positive step forward given the historical injustices infl icted against the Moro people. The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), which is composed of fi ve (5) provinces and was the result of GRP-MNLF Peace Agreement in 1996, has not been effective. The present MNLF leadership, which has splintered into many factions, can hardly deliver the needed push for development, much less on governance. The track record for ARMM so far has been zero. In 2008 alone, ARMM had at least a Php 8 billion budget which is equivalent only to the annual budget of Makati City. Eighty three (83%) percent of this went to administrative costs that included salaries and personnel services. The remaining seventeen percent (17%) of the annual budget went to the delivery of basic social services. According to an INCITEGOV study (2007), 95.2% of the regional budget is still controlled by national government. INCITEGOV states, “Only a negligible 4% (of ARMM funds)…is completely within the control of the ARMM regional government.” The World Bank Joint Social Assessment (2005) concludes that “the ARMM has no more real or practical autonomy in deciding on the level and allocation of funds intended for its politically distinct mandate than other non-autonomous administrative agencies of national government”; Indeed, the ARMM is manifested but has had dismal poverty alleviation performance in the eight targets of the Millennium Development Goals (see Table 2). ARMM also has only a meager share from ODA and other funding facilities from the international donor community. As a confl ict-torn area, ARMM receives less major development assistance from the ODA funding window. Other reasons include regional bias along with a standing exclusion policy. The present set-up of the ARMM fund sources, being dependent on the priority offi ce of the president, cannot sustain the poverty alleviation programs in the region. The Winning the Numbers, Losing the War: The Other MDG Report 2010 149
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Winning the Numbers, Losing the War
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many deserve our th
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CLEEP Comprehensive Livelihood and
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MOA-AD Memorandum of Agreement on A
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS/CONTRIBUTORS Leon
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FOREWORD By ISAGANI R. SERRANO This
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An urgent MDG message: Inadequate f
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The use of the budget instrument fo
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MDG chances: stability and vulnerab
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may mean a short honeymoon period.
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what we got from Annex I countries
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(Php58.6 Billion) of GDP at current
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Fourth Assessment Report provide a
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Losing the war on poverty The Other
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Table 1. Philippines’ MDG progres
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(NER) and medium on both cohort sur
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incidence of 97.46 percent. The las
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special needs; (c) 228,928 women in
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cultural structures urgently needin
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capacity to confront the dreaded cl
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MDG Goal 1 Targets 1 and 3: On erad
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Table 1. Prevalence of undernutriti
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2007, women’s national unemployme
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in the service and production secto
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een generally positive—increased
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Table 9: Partial Listing of Big Lan
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and promote gender equality in all
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While many see this as an education
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seen in both public and private pre
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and therefore, limited coverage. Th
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Table 7. Education Expenditure as a
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Box 2. Education budget tracking (2
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This paper looks at highly vulnerab
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to education. 5 In practice, debt p
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Table 5. Distribution of Government
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Table 7. Average Daily Basic Pay by
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in the 80’s, according to Sibal,
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eports of female OFW deaths, sexual
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Table 13. Trafficked Migrants Assis
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plicating overpopulation and poor w
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CAN$318.8 billion. While they found
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. Women’s economic empowerment i.
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statistics-fs-violence-against-fi l
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New policies and programs meant to
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Table 2: Immunization Status 1998 2
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Table 4. List of Nutritionally Vuln
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percent), who gave birth at home (9
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protocol is another comprehensive s
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5. Revamping the health insurance s
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Universalizing health care As we po
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Progress of work in improving mater
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Figure 2. Use of Skilled Birth Atte
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In terms of postnatal care, 77 perc
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Abortion Worldwide abortion rates h
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Page 118 and 119: However, USAID, with the concurrenc
Page 120 and 121: Box 1. Safe Motherhood: a brief his
Page 123 and 124: The rising challenge of HIV/AIDS an
Page 125 and 126: Sexual transmission remains to be t
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Page 129 and 130: Figure 7. Frequency distribution of
Page 131 and 132: Table 5. Annual estimated cost for
Page 133 and 134: tion of Public-Private Mix Departme
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Page 137 and 138: Questions and more questions on the
Page 139 and 140: Figure 1: Biodiversity Hotspots Bio
Page 141 and 142: MDG’s, but more importantly, on b
Page 143 and 144: 8. Organic Agriculture Act of 2010;
Page 145 and 146: science Bureau (MGB) but funded by
Page 147 and 148: Problems and gaps Incoherent and cl
Page 149 and 150: must be able to provide for non-pro
Page 151 and 152: Trade, debt and aid: MDG retardants
Page 153 and 154: Table 1. Recent Trade and Investmen
Page 155 and 156: elated social spending; Three, ille
Page 157 and 158: eing proposed in Congress. But more
Page 159: Results - Developing countries and
Page 162 and 163: Mindanao situation Mindanao is the
Page 166 and 167: MTPDP has not gained momentum to ef
Page 168 and 169: Seven provinces in Mindanao, almost
Page 170 and 171: a. Lobby for the crafting of laws a
Page 172 and 173: Moro situation after the Treaty of
Page 174 and 175: and Palawan movement and Mindanao I
Page 176 and 177: Appendix B Are the Moros Filipinos?
Page 178 and 179: Government with respect to the Moro
Page 180 and 181: legal and political shields behind
Page 182 and 183: Goals and Targets (from the Millenn
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