Report - Social Watch Philippines

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and promote gender equality in all areas. Apart from the usual problems associated with targeting the ‘poorest of the poor’ such as inclusion and exclusion errors, as well as the ‘stigmatizing’ effect of targeting, many anti-poverty programs do not address the needs of other poor and vulnerable groups: the ‘new poor’ as a result of economic and/or political shocks, and the millions just above the poverty line. In other words there is an added need to provide for a system for those who are not protected by current anti-poverty and social security programs. Finally, the literature shows that generating political support from the middle classes and the rich for social protection programs is much more secure if they too have access to these programs. On these grounds, this paper urges the Philippine government to explore building the foundation of a universal program that views social protection as rights-based entitlement for all, in order to wipe out the most destitute forms of poverty in the country and ensure a life of dignity for all citizens. No doubt the challenge of fi scal constraints remains but the starting point in governance should be the rights of citizens to basic entitlements to ensure their well-being, and the responsibility of the State in the fulfi llment of these needs. References Balisacan, A. M., 2007. Why Does Poverty Persist in the Philippines? Facts, Fancies and Policies, SEARCA Agriculture & Development Discussion Series, No. 2007-1, paper presented at the ‘Whither the Philippines in the 21st Century? Conference on the Philippines’, organized by the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 13-14 July 2006. Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics, 1997. Labor Market Profi le in the Philippines. LabStat Updates,Vol.1, No.1, Department of Labor and Employment, Manila. Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics, 2010. Employment and Economic Milestones. LabStat Updates, Vol. 14 No.35, Department of Labor and Employment, Manila. Caizhen, L., 2009. Who is Poor in China? Comparison of Alternative Approaches to Poverty Assessment in Rural China. PhD thesis, Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, Netherlands. Chacchi, A., 2010. Engendering Social Protection Initiatives. PowerPoint presentation presented during the Southeast Asian Conference on Social Protection and Universalizing Socio-Economic Security held April 6-7, 2010 in Quezon City Philippines. Claessens, et al., 1999. 42 SOCIAL WATCH PHILIPPINES Devereux S. and R. Sabates-Wheeler, 2004. Transformative Social Protection. IDS Working Paper No. 232, October (http://www. ids.ac.uk/ids/bookshop/wp/wp232.pdf). Dejardin, A. K., 2010. The Philippine Labor Market in the Aftermath of Another Crisis. Paper submitted for the Policy Coherence Forum ‘Overcoming the Jobs Crisis and Shaping an Inclusive Recovery: The Philippines in the Aftermath of the Global Economic Turmoil’ 11-12 March, 210, Makati City, Philippines. Economic and Social Affairs, 2010. Re-thinking Poverty: Report on the World Social Situation 2010. United Nations, New York Laderchi, C.R., R. Saith and F. Stewart, 2003. Does it Matter that We Do Not Agree on the Defi nitions of Poverty? A Comparison of Four Approaches. Oxford Development Studies. Malaluan, N. A., 2006. Dire State of the Nation: The Crisis of Income and Employment in the Philippines, Development Roundtable Series Towards Mutual Understanding and Common Action Papers. Focus on the Global South, Quezon City. Manasan, R. G., 2009. Reforming Social Protection Policy: Responding to the Global Financial Crisis and Beyond. Discussion Paper Series No. 2009-22, Philippine Institute of Development Studies, Makati. Mangahas, M. 2008. SWS Monitoring of Self-Rated Deprivation. Paper submitted for the PIDS-NEDA-UNDP Project Comprehensive Documentation and Analysis of Issues on the Offi cial Poverty Estimation Methodology in the Philippines. Mkandawire T., 2006. Targeting and Universalism in Poverty Reduction. Social protection the role of cash transfers. Poverty in Focus, International Poverty Center. UNDP. Reyes, C. M., 2010. Philippines Fourth Progress Report on the MDGs. NEDA-UNDP Raquiza, Ma. V., 2008. Democratizing Poverty Discourse: The Case of the SWS Self-Rated Surveys on Poverty and Hunger. Master’s thesis (unpublished), Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, Netherlands. Raquiza, Ma. V., 2010. Social Protection in the Philippines: In Search of a Strategic and Transformative Perspective. Unpublished, Social Watch Philippines. Saith, A., 2005. Poverty Lines Versus the Poor: Method Versus Meaning. ISS Working Paper Series No. 420. Institute of Social Studies, The Hague, Netherlands Saith, A., 2007. Downsizing and Distortion of Poverty in India: The Perverse Power of Offi cial Defi nitions. Indian Journal of Human Development 1(2): 247-281. Tendler, J., 2004. Why Social Policy is Condemned to a Residual Category of Safety Nets and What to Do About it?. in Thandika Mkandawire (ed.) Social Policy in a Development Context. Houndsmill and Geneva: Palgrave and UNRISD, ch. 6, pp. 119-142. United Nations, 2010. Report on the World Situation entitled ‘Rethinking Poverty’. World Bank, 2009. Philippine Quarterly Update. World Bank, 2009. Land Reform, Rural Development, and Poverty in the Philippines: Revisiting the Agenda. World Bank Manila. Ortigas, Pasig City.
Crossroads: Marginalization versus achieving universal primary education by 2015 � By RENE RAYA, CECILIA SORIANO, REGINALDO GUILLEN and LUZ ANIGAN “The State shall protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education at all levels, and shall take appropriate steps to make such education accessible to all.” — 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines “Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling” — Millennium Development Goal 2 Summary I n the ten years of the MDGs, the government has failed to arrest, much less reverse, the continuing decline of Philippine education. It is failing in both quantitative and qualitative indicators and the probability of achieving the minimum targets are below expectations. Such failure means another generation of poorly educated Filipinos. The Philippine government has been spending much less on education compared to its Asian neighbors. It now ranks amongst the lowest spenders in the world. Winning the Numbers, Losing the War: The Other MDG Report 2010 43
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Winning the Numbers, Losing the War
Page 5 and 6:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Many deserve our th
Page 7 and 8: CLEEP Comprehensive Livelihood and
Page 9 and 10: MOA-AD Memorandum of Agreement on A
Page 11 and 12: ABOUT THE AUTHORS/CONTRIBUTORS Leon
Page 13: FOREWORD By ISAGANI R. SERRANO This
Page 17 and 18: An urgent MDG message: Inadequate f
Page 19 and 20: The use of the budget instrument fo
Page 21 and 22: MDG chances: stability and vulnerab
Page 23 and 24: may mean a short honeymoon period.
Page 25 and 26: what we got from Annex I countries
Page 27 and 28: (Php58.6 Billion) of GDP at current
Page 29 and 30: Fourth Assessment Report provide a
Page 31 and 32: Losing the war on poverty The Other
Page 33 and 34: Table 1. Philippines’ MDG progres
Page 35 and 36: (NER) and medium on both cohort sur
Page 37 and 38: incidence of 97.46 percent. The las
Page 39 and 40: special needs; (c) 228,928 women in
Page 41 and 42: cultural structures urgently needin
Page 43: capacity to confront the dreaded cl
Page 46 and 47: MDG Goal 1 Targets 1 and 3: On erad
Page 48 and 49: Table 1. Prevalence of undernutriti
Page 50 and 51: 2007, women’s national unemployme
Page 52 and 53: in the service and production secto
Page 54 and 55: een generally positive—increased
Page 56 and 57: Table 9: Partial Listing of Big Lan
Page 60 and 61: While many see this as an education
Page 62 and 63: seen in both public and private pre
Page 64 and 65: and therefore, limited coverage. Th
Page 66 and 67: Table 7. Education Expenditure as a
Page 68 and 69: Box 2. Education budget tracking (2
Page 70 and 71: This paper looks at highly vulnerab
Page 72 and 73: to education. 5 In practice, debt p
Page 74 and 75: Table 5. Distribution of Government
Page 76 and 77: Table 7. Average Daily Basic Pay by
Page 78 and 79: in the 80’s, according to Sibal,
Page 80 and 81: eports of female OFW deaths, sexual
Page 82 and 83: Table 13. Trafficked Migrants Assis
Page 84 and 85: plicating overpopulation and poor w
Page 86 and 87: CAN$318.8 billion. While they found
Page 88 and 89: . Women’s economic empowerment i.
Page 90 and 91: statistics-fs-violence-against-fi l
Page 92 and 93: New policies and programs meant to
Page 94 and 95: Table 2: Immunization Status 1998 2
Page 96 and 97: Table 4. List of Nutritionally Vuln
Page 98 and 99: percent), who gave birth at home (9
Page 100 and 101: protocol is another comprehensive s
Page 102 and 103: 5. Revamping the health insurance s
Page 104 and 105: Universalizing health care As we po
Page 106 and 107: Progress of work in improving mater
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 2. Use of Skilled Birth Atte
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In terms of postnatal care, 77 perc
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Abortion Worldwide abortion rates h
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went down from 9.8 percent in 2005
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longer to health care centers in co
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However, USAID, with the concurrenc
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Box 1. Safe Motherhood: a brief his
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The rising challenge of HIV/AIDS an
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Sexual transmission remains to be t
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national response. Since health was
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Figure 7. Frequency distribution of
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Table 5. Annual estimated cost for
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tion of Public-Private Mix Departme
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Not much time, but not without opti
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Questions and more questions on the
Page 139 and 140:
Figure 1: Biodiversity Hotspots Bio
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MDG’s, but more importantly, on b
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8. Organic Agriculture Act of 2010;
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science Bureau (MGB) but funded by
Page 147 and 148:
Problems and gaps Incoherent and cl
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must be able to provide for non-pro
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Trade, debt and aid: MDG retardants
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Table 1. Recent Trade and Investmen
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elated social spending; Three, ille
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eing proposed in Congress. But more
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Results - Developing countries and
Page 162 and 163:
Mindanao situation Mindanao is the
Page 164 and 165:
Table 1.Cohort Survival Rate by Reg
Page 166 and 167:
MTPDP has not gained momentum to ef
Page 168 and 169:
Seven provinces in Mindanao, almost
Page 170 and 171:
a. Lobby for the crafting of laws a
Page 172 and 173:
Moro situation after the Treaty of
Page 174 and 175:
and Palawan movement and Mindanao I
Page 176 and 177:
Appendix B Are the Moros Filipinos?
Page 178 and 179:
Government with respect to the Moro
Page 180 and 181:
legal and political shields behind
Page 182 and 183:
Goals and Targets (from the Millenn
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