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V. Brief conclusions The labour market, respectively the business environment is more exigent in the case of the young labour force which enters labour market after graduation. Youths have more difficulty in finding a job corresponding both professionally and monetary, the reason why both employment fluctuations from employment to unemployment and viceversa, and longer periods of unemployment are an important barometer of permanent education system’s reform in Romania. Moreover, information about vocational training programmes or for on the job adjustment may provide information about dysfunctions and correlations’ lack between the education system and demand on labour market, while the following might be considered as the most significant ones: - Youths entering on labour market after graduation of secondary or tertiary education live preponderantly in the urban area, and men are more numerous; accessibility of higher education is better for those in the urban area, opportunities closer to the beneficiary and, very often, financial restrictions are the most important. - The shares of their employment and unemployment against the age group to which they belong has not underwent significant changes, just as the passage rate to higher education which improved but not to a significant share and, unfortunately, did not generate a proportional improvement of graduates’ education quality, but to the contrary. - Still the diploma is more important than proven skills and knowledge, in particular for the public sector. The business environment becomes gradually increasingly rigid from this viewpoint and requires evidence on hiring of professional competencies’ certification, and in their absence, employment is made on a job requiring inferior training and/or the knowledge deficit is compensated by CVT on the job. - The activity rate decreases, young individuals on one hand postpone entering the 260 labour market, and pursue several educational tertiary paths (often in completely different fields) or continue their studies for masters/doctorate or, on the other hand after graduation (or early leaving) are active on the black market, or migrate for employment in low skilled jobs, inferior to gained education. - The main reasons of early school leaving are still of current concern, respectively the high cost of schooling (especially for those from the rural area) and/or associated with the need of working for incomes (dependency on families with low incomes or other types of difficulties). An important reason of failing to finalise studies is represented also by the inefficiency of the evaluation/certification systems on graduation which consider inflexible evaluation schemes and less adjusted to the practical finality of education – knowledge verification instead of competencies certification, etc. - The lack of a flexible, coherent and accessible to all system for continuing training, including by certification/continuation/ and/or transition from the formal to the informal and nonformal system. - Another issue which is difficult to measure but is particularly relevant under the aspect of compatibility between education market and labour market, between the chosen profession and competencies for practicing this profession in performance conditions is represented by the analysis “first significant job” – under the aspect of professional profile and search duration. - Finally, another important aspect of individual performance during active life is represented by the informal education related to the behaviour on labour market and professional development. The example of parents and extended family members may define to a significant share the labour market behaviour of young graduates and their professional path. Failure to acknowledge such aspects in a systematic way and their analysis affect the feedback processes within the educational
process, maintaining dysfunctions and gaps between education market and labour market, rendered concrete, finally, by loss of human capital, of investments in education, loss of potential value added as result of nonperformance work or giving up work after graduation. The relatively high level of this youths’ unemployment rate emphasises the necessity of a closer link between the educational and vocational system and the labour market. Finalising and applying methodologies of monitoring young graduates insertion for various educational forms (vocational, upper-secondary, tertiary) is a priority, just as the development of more flexible and efficient systems of organising internship for students. Last but not least, a more careful analysis is expected with respect to the competencies which Romanian employers regard as important for the success of their companies and the adjustment of the educational and vocational supply to them, periodical update of occupational and vocational training standards, and of the educational curriculum in close dependency to the change dynamics on labour market. Bibliography 1. Damian, R.M., (2011) – University Graduates and Labour Market, Romanian Tracer Study, Strategic projects for Romanian Higher Education, FSE investing in People, UEFISCDI, prezentare la Conferinta Life after graduation: The Role of Graduate Employment and Tracking Systems for Continuous Curricula Development and Quality Enhancement in Higher Education UNESCO –CEPES si ULBS, mai 2011Sibiu 2. Nicolescu, L (2002) Contribution of Higher Education to the transition towards the market economy: The case of Romania In K Liuhto & J Jumpponen (Ed) Ten years of Transition; 3. Săpătoru D Caplanova A & Slantcheva S (2002) Estimating the value of public and private higher education in Central and Eastern Europe: Labour market outcomes and institutional forms in Bulgaria, Romania and 261 Slovakia (Report to PHARE ACE P98-1020- R project), 4. Vasile, V coord, (2009) – Improving vocational competencies among graduates and youths: A chance for the future -Strategy and Policy Studies SPOS 2009, Study no. 4 European Institute of Romania http://www.ier.ro/documente/spos_2009/Stud iul_4_EN_site.pdf 5. Vasile L, (2011) – Particularitati si efecte economic-sociale ale migratiei fortei de munca in conditiile globalizarii.Repere strategice si politici in Romania, teza de doctorat, INCE-Academia Romana, 2011 6. CEDEFOP (2008) – Future skills needs in Europe, www.lisboncouncil.net/component/download s/?id=212, http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/developing -lifelong-learning/index.aspx 7. EC (2011) – Youth employment measures, European Employment Observatory Review, 2010, Social Europe, Directorate General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion 8. IEN (2010) – Studiu privind piata fortei de munca tinere in lucrarea “Efectele crizei asupra pietei muncii. Mecanisme si politici pentru cresterea ocuparii si performanta in munca” (coord Vasile V) in Programul Evaluarea Stării Economiei Naţionale - ESEN 2009-2010 (PF-AR) INCE/Academia Română – in manuscris, pe CD 9. INS (2000) - AMIGO, Ancheta complementară”Tranziţia de la şcoală la muncă”, trt III 2000, 10. INS (2009) -Accesul tinerilor pe piata muncii, modul ad hoc la Ancheta AMIGO, tr II 2009 si comunicat de presa nr 237 din 3 decembrie 2009 Accesul tinerilor pe piaţa forţei de muncă Modul ad hoc ataşat cercetării statistice asupra forţei de muncă în gospodării (AMIGO) în trimestrul II 2009 - adresat tinerilor în vârstă de 15-34 ani 11. MECT, (2008) - Ordin nr. 6012/21.11.2008 pentru aprobarea Metodologiei şi a instrumentelor de lucru privind studiile de monitorizare a inserţiei pe piaţa muncii a absolvenţilor de învăţământ
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, RESEARCH, YO
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Scientific Committee: Dr. Băbăiţ
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SECTION: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND
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SUB-SECTION: MARKETING ............
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CHALLENGES, VULNERABILITIES AND WAY
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Data in Table no. 1.1 and Figure no
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T1/2010 T2/2010 T3/2010 T4/2010 T1/
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Table no.1.4. Romania's foreign deb
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Table no.2.1. Romania: Macroeconomi
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change) Terms of trade (percentage
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Table 2.2 shows that the weight of
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policies have not proved effective,
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The external debt can create a burd
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Table no.4.2. Contributions (%) to
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The data in Table no.4.6 emphasize
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- making the policy makers accounta
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Real GDP growth Average CPI inflati
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Real GDP growth Real growth of dome
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CPI Inflation (average) CPI inflati
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Households Non-financial corporatio
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Annex 6 Emerging Europe of selected
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Plenary session 45
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The concept of decentralization In
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macroeconomic stability and income
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"internalize" them at a local level
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one that best meets the requirement
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egional actors such as associations
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d). Political regionalization (poli
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3. Black P.A., Steenekamp, T. J. an
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A NEW THINKING FOR A NEW WORLD. REP
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forget that in reality there are no
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Another aspect - the second in our
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economy on one hand and the nature
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to each other and just as indestruc
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present realities. And do not forge
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that continues to create a sensatio
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ecology’s and of the eco-economy
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8. A free market or another type of
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undirected but totally spontaneous,
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(16) Brown Lester, Eco-economia. Cr
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I. Introduction The topic of this p
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a)funds allocated by states for ban
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continued to be enforced without ea
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ut not for a long-term project whic
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noticed, at Maastricht the decision
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ACCOUNTING FOR SUSTAINABILITY: WHAT
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stable regimes. Opposition protesto
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the perspective of accounting for s
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audit and give a professional opini
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type of outputs from accounting for
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4.3.1. Research methods Field study
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Research is useful to assess any re
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12. Fagerström, Arne, et al., (200
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LE DYNAMISME DES TPE ET PME ET L'É
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Private sector share/GDP Large-scal
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acquisitions, ou de l'extension int
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A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH REGARDING TH
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and control. During the planning ph
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marketing tools. Based on the answe
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10.Pantea, Carmen and Pop, Nicolae.
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Section International Business and
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2010, and the employment rate decre
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third of the new jobs have been cre
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References 1. *** Mednet Marketing
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POVERTY AND LIVING. ROMA POOR NEIGH
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ignored, it stems to great extent f
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disappearance. The East European co
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Tinca (2,500), Diosig (1,500), Bat
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education and occupational training
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30,0% 20,0% Percent 40,0% 10,0% 0,0
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40,0% 30,0% Percent 50,0% 20,0% 10,
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25,0% 20,0% 15,0% Percent 10,0% 5,0
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40,0% 30,0% Percent 50,0% 20,0% 10,
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40,0% 30,0% Percent 50,0% 20,0% 10,
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Table 12. How many people live in y
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50,0% 40,0% 30,0% 20,0% 10,0% 0,0%
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Table 16. How many rooms does your
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40,0% 30,0% Percent 50,0% 20,0% 10,
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50,0% 40,0% 30,0% Percent 60,0% 20,
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Table 22. Is there current water in
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Table 24. The perception of the pov
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80,0% 60,0% Percent 100,0% 40,0% 20
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20,0% 15,0% Percent 25,0% 10,0% 5,0
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Probably long-term solutions would
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ANOVA(b) Model Sum of Squares df Me
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Annex 5. Simple regression between
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Coefficients(a) Unstandardized Coef
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ANOVA(b) Model Sum of Squares df Me
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UTILISATION OF BENCHMARKING TECHNIQ
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economic growth in order to create
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Romania, as well as Bulgaria, is ex
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Section Economics and Business Admi
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THE BRAND EQUITY OF TOURISTIC DESTI
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services are. Kotler extended the c
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ecorded for Oradea’s population a
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11.Harrison, S. “Culture, Tourism
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THE TOURISM BARRIERS OF THE DISABLE
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prohibit the people with disabiliti
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concerning because 14% of them answ
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START-UP FINANCING SOURCES: DOES GE
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Page 213: 6.European Commission 2009 . Flash
Page 217 and 218: COMPETITIVENESS - GROWTH FACTOR. PO
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Page 223 and 224: DYNAMICS ECONOMIC DISPARITIES IN NO
Page 225 and 226: Table 1 Unemployment in North-West
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Page 229 and 230: ABOUT OTHER KIND OF PRODUCTIVITY AN
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Page 233 and 234: Stiglitz - one of the two big Nobel
Page 235 and 236: 13.Jivan, Alexandru. „Do People (
Page 237 and 238: THE POTENTIAL OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEU
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Page 249 and 250: Travel is no longer a novelty to th
Page 251 and 252: YOUTH LABOUR MARKET. MOBILITY, CARE
Page 253 and 254: from 30-34 years and also from 15,9
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Page 267 and 268: THE FINANCIAL CRISIS AND ITS IMPLIC
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Page 286 and 287: also differed. But the great thinke
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Page 292 and 293: IV. Interpretation of results Table
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Page 300 and 301: currency in Romania which makes our
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The analysis of the correlation bet
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correlation is observed for Romania
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TOOLS USED IN DECISION MAKING Demia
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so on. Integer tolerance is used to
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PSIMean functions as it can be seen
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Sub-section: Marketing
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suplementary resources compared wit
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entail the relationship with the no
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Romania research (Bibu et al. 2008)
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4. To aknowledge the other part as
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ORGANIZATIONAL STRESS AND ITS IMPAC
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Ways of managing individual stress
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It follows therefore that a larger
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ELEMENTS FOR A MODEL OF ENTREPRENEU
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was to promote equal opportunities
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entrepreneurship in rural areas of
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paradigmă a gândirii sociologice,
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HOW FUTURE MANAGERS VIEW SOCIETAL C
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Collected empirical data has been p
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As seen, there is no (or very low)
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EXPLANATORY ECONOMETRIC METHOD FOR
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Building models based on the initia
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2. To measure respondents' opinions
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da i � x � x for individual abs
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the organizational hierarchy), as v
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Q51 Q53 Q64 Content questions to ch
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THE NEED FOR PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT
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may expose the state budget to a hi
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public funds, the system of social
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Bibliography 1. Albu, Lucian-Liviu,
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IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES I
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finance) is much less developed tha
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esource training system, economic r
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1. "What are the problems faced by
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